Discordance between MR enterography and endoscopic detection of Crohn's disease ileal strictures: evidence to inform recommendations.

Purpose: To evaluate correlation between terminal ileal (TI) stricture diagnosis at MR enterography (MRE) and ileocolonoscopy (IC) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: One hundred and four patients with CD (51% females; 41 ± 15 years) underwent IC and MRE within 3 months in this retrospective case-control study. Positive cases had TI strictures diagnosed by endoscopy (n = 35); or MRE (threshold small bowel dilation ≥ 3cm; n = 34).

Incidental endometrial cancer detected on FDG PET/CT imaging for melanoma.

This case report follows a 66-year-old female who originally presented with malignant melanoma in the left knee and recurrence in the left inguinal region. This prompted a whole body FDG PET/CT scan which showed incidental focal hypermetabolism in the uterus. The diagnosis of endometrial cancer was confirmed at biopsy, and the patient was treated with total abdominal hysterectomy.

Synchronous Endometrial Cancer Detected on 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.

A 50-year-old woman with history of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor underwent a follow-up PET/CT with 68 Ga-DOTATATE. An enlarged uterus with diffuse increased uptake warranted further investigation with an MRI that showed mass-like thickening of the endometrium, T2 hyperintensity, lobulated contour, and invasion of more than 50% of the myometrium. Biopsy revealed endometrial carcinoma with mucinous features.

Utility of an automatic adaptive iterative metal artifact reduction AiMAR algorithm in improving CT imaging of patients with hip prostheses evaluated for suspected bladder malignancy.

Purpose: To compare the utility of a novel metal artifact reduction algorithm to standard imaging in improving visualization of key structures, diagnostic confidence, and patient-level confidence in malignancy in patients with suspected bladder cancer.

Methods: Patients with hip implants undergoing CT urography for suspected bladder malignancy were enrolled. Images were reconstructed using 3 methods: (1) Filtered Back Projection (FBP), (2) Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction (iMAR), and (3) Adaptive Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction (AiMAR) strength 4.

CT Noise-Reduction Methods for Lower-Dose Scanning: Strengths and Weaknesses of Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms and New Techniques.

Iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms are the most widely used CT noise-reduction method to improve image quality and have greatly facilitated radiation dose reduction within the radiology community. Various IR methods have different strengths and limitations. Because IR algorithms are typically nonlinear, they can modify spatial resolution and image noise texture in different regions of the CT image; hence traditional image-quality metrics are not appropriate to assess the ability of IR to preserve diagnostic accuracy, especially for low-contrast diagnostic tasks.

The utility of a dual-phase, dual-energy CT protocol in patients presenting with overt gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: Due to their easy accessibility, CT scans have been increasingly used for investigation of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.

Purpose: To estimate the performance of a dual-phase, dual-energy (DE) GI bleed CT protocol in patients with overt GI bleeding in clinical practice and examine the added value of portal phase and DE images.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with GI bleeding underwent a two-phase DE GI bleed CT protocol.

Automated radiomic analysis of CT images to predict likelihood of spontaneous passage of symptomatic renal stones.

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of a semi-automated radiomic analysis software in predicting the likelihood of spontaneous passage of urinary stones compared with manual measurements.

Methods: Symptomatic patients visiting the emergency department with suspected stones in either kidney or ureters who underwent a CT scan were included. Patients were followed for up to 6 months for the outcome of a trial of passage.

Ultrasound for Intubation Confirmation: A Randomized Controlled Study among Emergency Medicine Residents.

Confirmation of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement during intubation is a critical skill for emergency medicine (EM) residents; airway ultrasonography has been suggested as an accessible and accurate method of ETT confirmation. Here, we investigated the accuracy with which EM residents could identify ETT location in cadavers using different ultrasound modes. EM attendings intubated either the trachea or the esophagus of a cadaver, and blinded residents identified ETT position using either B-mode or B-mode plus color Doppler.

Benefits of iterative metal artifact reduction and dual-energy CT towards mitigating artifact in the setting of total shoulder prostheses.

Objective: To determine the utility of iterative metal artifact reduction and 130 keV dual-energy virtual monoenergetic images to improve bone and soft tissue visualization in CT scans affected by metal artifacts.

Material And Methods: Thirteen females and 6 males with a history of total shoulder prosthesis who underwent dual-energy shoulder CT were included. Four sets of images were reconstructed for each patient: (1) original polychromatic kV images reconstructed with weighted filtered back projection; (2) polychromatic kV images with iterative metal artifact reduction; (3) 130 keV dual-energy virtual monoenergetic; (4) combined iterative metal artifact reduction and 130 keV dual-energy virtual monoenergetic.

Prior iterative reconstruction (PIR) to lower radiation dose and preserve radiologist performance for multiphase liver CT: a multi-reader pilot study.

Purpose: Prior iterative reconstruction (PIR) spatially registers CT image data from multiple phases of enhancement to reduce image noise. We evaluated PIR in contrast-enhanced multiphase liver CT.

Methods: Patients with archived projection CT data with proven malignant or benign liver lesions, or without lesions, by reference criteria were included.

Comparison of Saffron and Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

There are different pathophysiological mechanisms for obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) as suggested by the serotonergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic hypotheses. The present study aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of saffron (stigma of Crocus sativus) and fluvoxamine in the treatment of mild to moderate obsessive- compulsive disorder. In this study, 50 males and females, aged 18 to 60 years, with mild to moderate OCD, participated.

A new modality for the estimation of corrected flow time via electrocardiography as an alternative to Doppler ultrasonography.

Background: Evaluation of corrected flow time (FTc) via ultrasonography is one of the suggested modalities for the assessment of intravascular volume status. This study aimed to compare the results of FTc of carotid artery measured via ultrasonography, as a measure of mechanical outcome of the cardiac cycle, with the results of FTc estimation from a new modified formula via electrocardiography (ECG), as a measure of electrical function of the cardiac cycle.

Methods: Healthy volunteers were evaluated before and after a passive leg raising (PLR) maneuver.

Cilostazol adjunctive therapy in treatment of negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III, as an adjunctive to risperidone in alleviating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Methods: Eighty-four in-patients with diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial and underwent 8 weeks of treatment with either cilostazol (50 mg twice a day) or placebo as an adjuvant to risperidone. Participants were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8.

A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial on Effectiveness and Safety of Celecoxib Adjunctive Therapy in Adolescents with Acute Bipolar Mania.

Objective: Recent studies have focused on the role of inflammatory cascades as one of the possible etiologic factors of bipolar disorder. We hypothesize that celecoxib, through its anti-inflammatory properties, may have a therapeutic role in acute bipolar mania.

Patients And Methods: Forty-two adolescent inpatients with the diagnosis of acute bipolar mania participated in a parallel, randomized, double-blind controlled trial, and 40 patients underwent an 8-week treatment with either celecoxib (100 mg twice daily) or placebo as an adjunctive treatment to lithium and risperidone.

Assessment of corrected flow time in carotid artery via point-of-care ultrasonography: Reference values and the influential factors.

Objective: Assessment of Corrected Flow Time (FTc) in carotid artery has been suggested recently as a measure of intravascular volume status. This study aimed to determine the reference values of FTc in carotid artery in a normal population.

Methods: A total number of 142 healthy volunteers (73 females and 69 males) with a mean age of 36.

Magnetic Resonance Enterography in 300 Known Cases of Crohn's Disease: An Initial Report from a Referral Center in Iran.

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has become the modality of choice in assessment of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to present our experience on 300 patients with CD who underwent MRE during the first 30 months after setting up MRE for the first time in a referral center in Iran. METHODS Patients with a definite diagnosis of CD based on either ileocolonoscopy or histopathological studies were included in the final report and categorized into four phenotypes of inactive, active, stricturing, and penetrating disease.

Central Obesity and Liver Iron Content: A Noninvasive Assessment in General Population by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background/aim: Existing evidence points to an altered status of iron metabolism in obesity. We aimed to investigate whether central obesity is independently associated with estimated liver iron content (liver T2* value) in general population that used the noninvasive assessment method by MRI.

Methods: The study was carried out on 200 subjects randomly selected from the Golestan Cohort Study who underwent abdominal MRI.

Effect of memantine combination therapy on symptoms in patients with moderate-to-severe depressive disorder: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

What Is Known And Objective: Current treatments for depressive disorders are far from optimum. This study was planned to evaluate possible antidepressant effects and safety of memantine, a selective N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, in humans.

Methods: Sixty-six outpatients with the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder, based on DSM-V diagnostic criteria, were recruited to participate in a parallel, randomized, controlled trial.

Agomelatine as a Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. Due to lack of response to the medication and significant side effects of the treatment with stimulants, alternative medications should be considered. The aim of this study is to evaluate efficacy of agomelatine in treatment of ADHD.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia in six patients with bronchiectasis.

Introduction: Primary ciliary dyskinesia [PCD] is generally considered as a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Previous studies reported various prevalence of PCD among patients with bronchiectasis.

Material And Methods: Six PCD patients who were diagnosed during the investigation of 40 patients with bronchiectasis were enrolled in this study.