Socioeconomic inequality in physical activity among adults in western Iran: a cross-sectional study.

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of physical activity and socio-economic inequality among the adults of Hamadan city.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Hamadan city between 2022 and 2023, involving a total of 591 adults aged 18 to 64 years. The research tool utilized in this study was the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the results of the concentration index analysis reported at 95% confidence level.

Turning agro-food waste into resources: Exploring the antioxidant effects of bioactive compounds bioaccessibility from digested jabuticaba tree leaf extract.

The jabuticaba tree leaf, considered an agro-food by-product or waste, was evaluated as a potential unconventional ingredient of bioactive compounds. Its hydroalcoholic extracts were assessed for the phenolic chemical profile by LC-QQQ-MS and antioxidant capacity pre- and post-gastrointestinal digestion (i.e.

Understanding paralogous epilepsy-associated GABA receptor variants: Clinical implications, mechanisms, and potential pitfalls.

Recent discoveries have revealed that genetic variants in γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) receptor subunits can lead to both gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) receptors. GABA receptors, however, have a pseudosymmetrical pentameric assembly, and curiously diverse functional outcomes have been reported for certain homologous variants in paralogous genes (paralogous variants). To investigate this, we assembled a cohort of 11 individuals harboring paralogous M1 proline missense variants in , , and Seven mutations (α1, α1, β2, β3, β3, γ2, and γ2) in α1β2/3γ2 receptors were analyzed using electrophysiological examinations and molecular dynamics simulations.

Short-term and long-term oncological outcomes of chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer patients with or without oxaliplatin: a propensity score-matched retrospective analysis.

Background/aim: Current approaches for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) typically recommend neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) or its oral analogs followed by surgery as the standard of care. However, the question of whether intensifying concurrent chemotherapy by adding oxaliplatin to the 5FU-based backbone can yield better outcomes remains unresolved. This study aimed to investigate the benefits of incorporating oxaliplatin into fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to increase locoregional control and survival.

Green recovery and application of berry anthocyanins in functional gummies: Stability study, plasma and cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

This study investigates the comprehensive effects of extraction parameters, freeze-drying, and formulation on the chemical composition, colour properties, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of blackberry (BB) and elderberry (EB) extracts, as well as their incorporation into gummies. Using response surface methodology, optimal extraction conditions were identified: BB extracts showed optimal results at 325 W and 7.5 min, while EB extracts were optimal at 400 W and 5 min.

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of naphthalene-based covalent organic polymer for high-efficiency methylene blue removal.

In this study, a novel naphthalene-based covalent organic polymer (N-COP) was synthesized and investigated as an advanced adsorbent for the efficient removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The polymer was synthesized through a polycondensation reaction between cyanuric chloride and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, followed by thorough purification. Comprehensive characterization was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), confirming the successful formation of the porous polymer with a high surface area and thermal stability.

Drug-Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Rare Presentation of Hydralazine-Induced Lupus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. SLE can be induced by various medications, such as hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, methyldopa, chlorpromazine, quinidine, and minocycline. Hydralazine-induced lupus syndrome was first reported in 1953, and only occurs in 5-10% of patients taking hydralazine.

Combining Trifunctionalization of Alkynoic Acids, Arene ortho C-H Functionalization and Amination: An Approach to Unsymmetrical 2,3-Diaryl Substituted Indoles.

Here we report a simultaneous construction of two C-C and two C-N bonds in a unified procedure that incorporates alkynoic acid trifunctionalization, ortho C-H functionalization, and amination cascade. In an ordered process, the regioselective alkyne insertion reaction is favored over the decarboxylation process. The presence of the carboxyl group in alkynoic acid ensures the high regioselectivity in the carbopalladation process, paving the way for a novel method to synthesize unsymmetrically 2,3-diaryl substituted indole scaffolds with excellent regioselectivity.

Harm avoidance and incompleteness core motivations in obsessive-compulsive disorder: validation of the Farsi version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Trait Core Dimensions Questionnaire (F-OC-TCDQ) in Iran.

Background: Attention to the heterogeneous manifestations of obsessive-compulsive symptoms observed in clinical and nonclinical populations has motivated researchers to use tools to identify homogeneous subgroups of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. The Obsessive-Compulsive Trait Core Dimensions Questionnaire (OC-TCDQ) is used to evaluate two motivational dimensions of OCD (harm avoidance (HA) and incompleteness (INC)), which has been developed in recent years based on the core dimensions model, and to classify homogeneous subgroups. This study aimed to validate the Farsi version of the OC-TCDQ in Iran.

Comparison between the Efficacy and Tolerability of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Iodine Eye Drops 0.6% and 1% in Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of topical Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) 0.6% on the clinical course of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis compared with PVP-I 1% and artificial tears.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled all patients over 18 years of age with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed diagnosis of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis who presented to the hospital between November 2022 and June 2023.

Biologically based strategies for overcoming in vivo barriers with functional nano-delivery systems.

Nanomedicine has been developed to reduce or eliminate the side effects and toxicity upon systemic therapy of chemotherapeutic agents and to improve their therapeutic efficacy. However, the translation of non-sized or nano-encapsulated drugs is hampered by the low penetration and accumulation of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in sites of tumors as well as their poor pharmacokinetics. This may be due to the synthetic structure of NPs and also complicated and unknown characteristics of the solid tumor microenvironment (TME).

Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Overflared Root Canals in Different Root Regions: Effect of Reinforcement Techniques.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different reinforcement techniques on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to over-flared root canals. Forty-eight extracted human single-canal premolars were endodontically treated, over-flared, and randomly divided into four groups (N=12) including SARC: luting with self-adhesive resin cement, DCC: luting with dual-cure core build-up resin composite, CRR: relining root canal walls with bulk-fill resin composite, and DAP: relining fiber post with bulk-fill resin composite. After 24 hours, the roots were sectioned to obtain three cervical, middle, and apical 3mm slices.

Digested galactoglucomannan mitigates oxidative stress in human cells, restores gut bacterial diversity, and provides chemopreventive protection against colon cancer in rats.

Galactoglucomannan (GGM) is the predominant hemicellulose in coniferous trees, such as Norway spruce, and has been used as a multipurpose emulsifier in the food industry. In vitro digestion with a cellular antioxidant activity assay was performed to determine the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, and the behaviour of GGM on in vivo experimental assay against induced colon cancer. The results showed that digestion decreased the bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds.

Distinct neurodevelopmental and epileptic phenotypes associated with gain- and loss-of-function GABRB2 variants.

Background: Variants in GABRB2, encoding the β2 subunit of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) receptor, can result in a diverse range of conditions, ranging from febrile seizures to severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. However, the mechanisms underlying the risk of developing milder vs more severe forms of disorder remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genotype-phenotype correlation analysis in a cohort of individuals with GABRB2 variants.

The effects of simvastatin-loaded nanoliposomes on human multilineage liver fibrosis microtissue.

In this in vitro study, for the first time, we evaluate the effects of simvastatin-loaded liposome nanoparticles (SIM-LipoNPs) treatment on fibrosis-induced liver microtissues, as simvastatin (SIM) has shown potential benefits in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease process. We developed multicellular liver microtissues composed of hepatic stellate cells, hepatoblastoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The microtissues were supplemented with a combination of palmitic acid and oleic acid to develop fibrosis models.

Studying the relationship between insomnia and sleep disorders with hypertension: a report from community-dwelling older adults living in Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Sleep disorders are common health problems in the elderly. One of the unusual and often overlooked risk factors for hypertension is insomnia. Therefore, this study investigated the relationships between insomnia and sleep problems with hypertension in the elderly population living in Tehran, Iran.

Integrating Learning-based Priors with Physics-based Models in Ultrasound Elasticity Reconstruction.

Ultrasound elastography images which enable quantitative visualization of tissue stiffness can be reconstructed by solving an inverse problem. Classical model-based methods are usually formulated in terms of constrained optimization problems. To stabilize the elasticity reconstructions, regularization techniques such as Tikhonov method are used with the cost of promoting smoothness and blurriness in the reconstructed images.

Evaluation of the effects of decellularized extracellular matrix nanoparticles incorporation on the polyhydroxybutyrate/nano chitosan electrospun scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.

Recent research focuses on fabricating scaffolds imitating the extracellular matrix (ECM) in texture, composition, and functionality. Moreover, specific nano-bio-particles can enhance cell differentiation. Decellularized ECM nanoparticles possess all of the mentioned properties.

Attachment and negative affect on mental health and pain experience patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Mediated by coping strategies and loneliness.

Background: Multiple sclerosis and its related stressors significantly affect the mental health of people with MS. Considering the progressive and relapsing-remitting nature of the disease and somatic complaint, the Pain experience for MS patients is challenging. We examined the direct effects of Attachment and the negative affect on mental health and pain experience and the indirect effects of Attachment, negative affect, loneliness, and coping strategies on the mental health and pain experience of people with multiple sclerosis.

A new sensitive layer based on clcinated Zn/Ti-MOF/magnetic molecularly imprinted polypyrrole: Application to preconcentration and electrochemical determination of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid by magnetic carbon paste electrode.

In this research, a new approach based on magnetic electrodes has been developed for the determination of per-fluorooctane sulfonic acid (PSOF). Zinc and Titanium-based Metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized and used with polypyrrole as a conductive polymer for preparation of the absorbent to achieve the best performance for electrochemical application. The response of the electrode for determination of the PFOS was affected and optimized by different factors such as buffer solution, pH of the solution, amount of absorbent, extraction time of absorbent, accumulation time, as well as the Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) instrumental parameters including voltage step, pulse amplitude, frequency and resting time.

Applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review.

Background: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an imaging technique used to measure metabolic changes in the tissue. Due to the lack of evidence, MRS is not a priority in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases because it is a relatively specialized technique that requires specialized equipment and expertise to perform and interpret. This systematic review aimed to present a comprehensive collection of MRS results in the most common neurodegenerative diseases.

Evaluating antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles incorporated into reinforced zinc oxide eugenol: an in vitro study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol (rZOE) incorporated with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Methods: The pastes of rZOE alone or mixed with AgNPs at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 5% of weight were prepared. In vitro antimicrobial activity of prepared materials against Streptococcus (S.