Lifetime prevalence, comorbidities, and Sociodemographic predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the National Epidemiology of Iranian Children and adolescents Psychiatric disorders (IRCAP).

Objective: The aims of this study were to (a) evaluate the lifetime prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to sociodemographic characteristics, (b) determine sociodemographic factors associated with PTSD, (c) estimate the lifetime prevalence rates of comorbidities by age and gender, and (d) assess the proportion of traumatic events in the non-PTSD sample and the PTSD sample, according to gender.

Methods: The data used for the present study were obtained from the IRCAP study which was a cross-sectional, community-based study on 29,250 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years from all provinces of Iran, which was done using multistage cluster sampling. Trained psychologists conducted diagnostic interviews with parents, children, and adolescents using the Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL).

Navigating the future: Microfluidics charting new routes in drug delivery.

Microfluidics has emerged as a transformative force in the field of drug delivery, offering innovative avenues to produce a diverse range of nano drug delivery systems. Thanks to its precise manipulation of small fluid volumes and its exceptional command over the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, this technology is notably able to enhance the pharmacokinetics of drugs. It has initiated a revolutionary phase in the domain of drug delivery, presenting a multitude of compelling advantages when it comes to developing nanocarriers tailored for the delivery of poorly soluble medications.

Automated reporting of cervical biopsies using artificial intelligence.

When detected at an early stage, the 5-year survival rate for people with invasive cervical cancer is 92%. Being aware of signs and symptoms of cervical cancer and early detection greatly improve the chances of successful treatment. We have developed an Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm, trained and evaluated on cervical biopsies for automated reporting of digital diagnostics.

A comparative study on prophylactic efficacy of cinnarizine and amitriptyline in childhood migraine: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Background: Pediatric migraine prophylaxis is indicated when headaches are frequent and/or disabling. We aimed to conduct a study to compare the efficacy of cinnarizine and amitriptyline in pediatric migraine prophylaxis.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind trial, patients aged 4-17 years with migraine who were eligible for prophylaxis enrolled.

Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of very small stem cells from peripheral blood on the treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure: A pilot study.

Objective: Premature ovary failure (POF) is a severe health condition with multiple negative outcomes, which deteriorate a patient's life. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from peripheral blood in the treatment of women with the POF background.

Methods: The current study was a pilot study carried-out on women younger than 40 with premature ovarian failure.

Thyroid hormone deficiency affects anxiety-related behaviors and expression of hippocampal glutamate transporters in male congenital hypothyroid rat offspring.

Thyroid hormones are crucial for brain development and their deficiency during fetal and postnatal periods can lead to mood and cognitive disorders. We aimed to examine the consequences of thyroid hormone deficiency on anxiety-related behaviors and protein expression of hippocampal glutamate transporters in congenital hypothyroid male offspring rats. Possible beneficial effects of treadmill exercise have also been examined.

Bone marrow stromal cell-conditioned medium regenerates injured sciatic nerve by increasing expression of MPZ and NGF and decreasing apoptosis.

Objectives: Despite the many benefits of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation for tissue regeneration, there are some limitations to using them, including the high costs, applying invasive procedures, the possibility of transplant rejection, and cell malignancy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of secretions of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) with the cell-free strategy on damaged sciatic nerve with an emphasis on the role of apoptosis and the expression of myelin protein zero (MPZ) and nerve growth factor (NGF) proteins.

Materials And Methods: BMSCs were cultured and a 25-fold concentrated conditioned medium (CM) from the cells was provided.

Machine learning insights into PM changes during COVID-19 lockdown: LSTM and RF analysis in Mashhad.

This study seeks to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on air quality in the city of Mashhad employing two strategies. We initiated our research using basic statistical methods such as paired sample t-tests to compare hourly PM data in two scenarios: before and during quarantine, and pre- and post-lockdown. This initial analysis provided a broad understanding of potential changes in air quality.

Kinetic modeling of ion formation during diesel combustion with different fuel injection timing.

Ions are formed during the combustion process in internal combustion engines. The measurement of ions inside the combustion chamber produces reliable information about the combustion process. The present study focuses on the formation of ions inside the combustion chamber of diesel engines with different injection timing.

Assessing the efficacy of aluminum metal clusters Al and Al in mitigating NO and SO pollutants: a DFT investigation.

The present investigation delves into the adverse environmental impact of atmospheric pollutant gases, specifically nitrogen dioxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO), which necessitates the identification and implementation of effective control measures. The central objective of this study is to explore the eradication of these pollutants through the utilization of aluminum Al and Al metal clusters, distinguished by their unique properties. The comprehensive evaluation of gas/cluster interactions is undertaken employing density functional theory (DFT).

High yield killing of lymphoma cells by anti-CD22 CAR-NK cell therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) offer a promising new approach for targeting B cell malignancies through the immune system. Despite the proven effectiveness of CAR T cells targeting CD19 and CD22 in hematological malignancies, it is imperative to note that their production remains a highly complex process. Unlike T cells, NK cells eliminate targets in a non-antigen-specific manner while avoiding graft vs.

Oligonucleotide based nanogels for cancer therapeutics.

Oligonucleotide-based nanogels, as nascent biomaterials, possess several unique functional, structural, and physicochemical features with excellent drug-loading capacity and high potential for cancer gene therapy. Ongoing studies utilizing oligonucleotide-based nanogels hold great promise, as these cutting-edge nanoplatforms can be elegantly developed with predesigned oligonucleotide sequences and complementary strands which are self-assembled or chemically crosslinked leading to the development of nanogels with predictable shape and tunable size with the desired functional properties. Current paper provides a summary of the properties, preparation methods, and applications of oligonucleotide-based nanogels in cancer therapy.

Iran's research prioritization: Are we meeting the goals? A study based on clinical trial registry data.

The prioritization of research topics in the health domain is a critical step toward channelling efforts and resources into areas that have received less attention. The objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of research priorities determined at the national level within Iran for the period spanning five years between 2009 and 2013. We extracted the required data from the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) website.

Breast percent density changes in digital mammography pre- and post-radiotherapy.

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC), the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide, presents a public health challenge and affects mortality rates. Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) is a common treatment, but the risk from residual disease necessitates radiotherapy. Digital mammography monitors treatment response by identifying post-operative and radiotherapy tissue alterations, but accurate assessment of mammographic density remains a challenge.

A comparative study of CARE 2D and N2V 2D for tissue-specific denoising in second harmonic generation imaging.

This study explored the application of deep learning in second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, a rapidly growing area. This study focuses on the impact of glycerol concentration on image noise in SHG microscopy and compares two image restoration techniques: Noise-to-Void 2D (N2V 2D, no reference image restoration) and content-aware image restoration (CARE 2D, full reference image restoration). We demonstrated that N2V 2D effectively restored the images affected by high glycerol concentrations.

University students' academic vocabulary development through mobile-assisted learning: Exploring the impacts on receptive and productive knowledge.

This study explored the effectiveness of mobile-assisted vocabulary learning through digital flashcards on receptive and productive aspects of academic vocabulary knowledge among Iranian EFL university students. In a quasi-experimental design, 86 participants were divided into three groups: a digital flashcard group (DFs), a traditional paper flashcard (PFs) group, and a control group using word lists, to assess the impact of these methods on vocabulary acquisition over five weeks. The findings revealed that students utilizing DFs exhibited significant improvements in both receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge compared to those using PFs and the control method.

Modelling of Intervertebral Disc (IVD) with Structured Mesh and Crosswise Collagen Fibers.

The highly organized collagen network of human lumbar annulus fibrosus (AF) is fundamental to preserve the mechanical integrity of the intervertebral discs. In the healthy AF, fibers are embedded in a hydrated matrix and arranged in a crosswise fashion, giving an anisotropic structure capable to undergo large strains. For finite element analysis (FEA) of spine, modelling a realistic intervertebral disc geometry has always been a challenge.

COVID-19 vaccines breakthrough infection and adverse reactions in medical students: a nationwide survey in Iran.

Introduction: There are different types of COVID-19 vaccines approved worldwide. Since no national studies focus on vaccine-related adverse reactions and breakthrough cases, this study aimed to investigate the rate of adverse events and COVID-19 infection in medical students in Iran.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included Iranian medical students who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines.

Redefining Age-Friendly Neighbourhoods: Translating the Promises of Blue Zones for Contemporary Urban Environments.

The longevity and healthy ageing observed in Blue Zones offer valuable insights for contemporary urban neighbourhood planning and design. This paper reviews the age-friendly features of the built environment in Blue Zones, aiming to translate these insights into actionable strategies for urban neighbourhood development. Employing a systematic literature review and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) analysis of Google Street View imagery, this study assesses the built environments in Blue Zones, including housing, public spaces, and transportation systems.

Machine Learning Approaches to Identify Affected Brain Regions in Movement Disorders Using MRI Data: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Meta-analysis.

Background: Movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease are associated with structural and functional changes in specific brain regions. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques combined with machine learning (ML) are promising tools for identifying imaging biomarkers and patterns associated with these disorders.

Purpose/hypothesis: We aimed to systematically identify the brain regions most commonly affected in movement disorders using ML approaches applied to structural and functional MRI data.

Reinfection of farm dogs following praziquantel treatment in an endemic region of cystic echinococcosis in southeastern Iran.

Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) as a prevalent tapeworm infection of human and herbivorous animals worldwide, is caused by accidental ingestion of Echinococcus granulosus eggs excreted from infected dogs. CE is endemic in the Middle East and North Africa, and is considered as an important parasitic zoonosis in Iran. It is transmitted between dogs as the primary definitive host and different livestock species as the intermediate hosts.

PCDH19-clustering epilepsy, pathophysiology and clinical significance.

PCDH19 clustering epilepsy (PCDH19-CE) is an X-linked epilepsy disorder associated with intellectual disability (ID) and behavioral disturbances, which is caused by PCDH19 gene variants. PCDH19 pathogenic variant leads to epilepsy in heterozygous females, not in hemizygous males and the inheritance pattern is unusual. The hypothesis of cellular interference was described as a key pathogenic mechanism.

Exosomes in renal cell carcinoma: challenges and opportunities.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer that accounts for approximately 2-3% of adult malignancies. Among the primary treatment methods for this type of cancer are surgery and targeted treatment. Still, due to less than optimal effectiveness, there are problems such as advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance that continue to plague patients.

Brain diffusion MRI biomarkers after oncology treatments.

In addition to providing a measurement of the tumor's size and dimensions, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent noninvasive radiographic detection of tumor location. The MRI technique is an important modality that has been shown to be useful in the prognosis, diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation of response and recurrence in solid cancers. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an imaging technique that quantifies water mobility.