On the benefit of magnetic magnesium nanocarrier in cardiovascular toxicity of aluminum phosphide.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of a new (25)Mg(2+)-carrying nanoparticle ((25)MgPMC16) on energy depletion, oxidative stress, and electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters on heart tissue of the rats poisoned by aluminum phosphide (AlP). (25)MgPMC16 at doses of 0.025, 0.

Comparison of fructan dynamics in two wheat cultivars with different capacities of accumulation and remobilization under drought stress.

Remobilization of stored carbohydrates in the stem of wheat plants is an important contributor to grain filling under drought stress (DS) conditions. A massive screening on Iranian wheat cultivars was performed based on stem dry weight changes under well-watered and DS conditions. Two cultivars, Shole and Crossed Falat Hamun (CFH), with different fructan accumulation and remobilization behavior were selected for further studies.

Nanocomposite biomaterial mimicking aortic heart valve leaflet mechanical behaviour.

The main problem with polymeric heart valves (which are already biocompatible) is that they usually fail in the long term owing to tearing and calcification of the leaflets under high dynamic tensile bending stress and oxidative reactions with blood. To overcome this shortcoming, it is hypothesized that synthetic valve leaflets which mimic native valve leaflet structure fabricated from fibre-reinforced composite material will optimize leaflet stresses and decrease tears and perforations. The objective of this study is to develop a PVA-BC (polyvinyl alcohol-bacterial cellulose)-based hydrogel that mimics not only the non-linear mechanical properties displayed by porcine heart valves, but also their anisotropic behaviour.

First Report of Phaeoacremonium mortoniae Associated with Grapevine Decline in Iran.

In July 2009, a survey was conducted in individually owned rooted vineyards in Iran to determine fungal pathogens associated with grapevine decline. Symptoms of grapevine decline such as slow dieback, stunted growth, small chlorotic leaves, and reduced foliage were observed on 7-year-old grapevines (cv. Askari) in Bavanat (Fars Province, southwestern Iran).

Does congenital hypothyroidism have different etiologies in iran?

Objective: To determine the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), permanent and transient CH.

Methods: From November 2006 to September 2007, 63031 newborns were screened by measuring serum TSH obtained by heel prick. The neonates who had a TSH≥5mU/L were recalled for measurement of serum T(4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and TSH receptor blocking antibodies (TRBAb) in venous samples.

Chronic lithium administration ameliorates 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats; potential role for adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channels.

Background And Aim: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multi-factorial disease with an unknown etiology characterized by oxidative stress, leukocyte infiltration and a rise in inflammatory cytokines. This study was conducted to investigate lithium in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic model of experimental IBD, and the contribution of potassium channels as a possible underlying mechanism.

Methods: Experimental IBD was induced in rats by a single colonic administration of 10 mg of TNBS.

A novel model for diffusion based release kinetics using an inverse numerical method.

We developed and analyzed an inverse numerical model based on Fick's second law on the dynamics of drug release. In contrast to previous models which required two state descriptions of diffusion for long- and short-term release processes, our model is valid for the entire release process. The proposed model may be used for identifying and reducing experimental errors associated with measurements of diffusion based release kinetics.

Benefit of nanocarrier of magnetic magnesium in rat malathion-induced toxicity and cardiac failure using non-invasive monitoring of electrocardiogram and blood pressure.

Medical management in acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning is not always successful because of tissue hypoxia which results in a reduction of heart contractility and cell damage. This study reports improvement of malathion (MAL)-induced cardiac failure by a nanocarrier of magnetic isotope of Mg (PMC16). A rat model of acute MAL poisoning was set up.

Surgical treatment of metopic synostosis.

Metopic synostosis is characterized by keel-shaped forehead (trigonocephaly), prominent midline ridge of the forehead, bitemporal narrowing, bilateral retrusion of supraorbits, egg-shaped orbits, low nasal dorsum, and reduced volume of the anterior cranial fossa. The mainstay treatment is early surgical intervention before the age of 12 months, which usually consists of bifrontal craniotomy with bilateral recontouring, lateral advancement, and lateral displacement of the superior orbital rims. Here, we have developed a new simplified technique for surgical treatment of trigonocephaly.

Friction of wrinkles.

Sufficiently thin elastic sheets wrinkle when they are in contact with a small adhesive counterbody. Despite significant progress on the dynamics of wrinkle formation and morphology, little is known about how wrinkles impede the relative sliding motion of the counterbody. Using molecular dynamics we demonstrate that instabilities are likely to occur during sliding when the wrinkle pattern has asymmetries not present in the counterbody.

Prosthetic aortic heart valves: modeling and design.

Although heart valve replacement is among the most common cardiovascular surgical procedures, their outcome is often difficult to predict. One of the reasons is the design and choice of the materials used for the fabrication of the prostheses. This review paper describes the use of modeling techniques in prosthetic heart valve (HV) design and aims at the justification and development of a polymer based trileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV).

A Galerkin-type finite element solution for simulation of mass diffusion in the application of tissue engineering: heterogeneous and non-porous media.

This study is an effort to produce a generic and comprehensive solution to the simulation of mass diffusion through a multiphasic and heterogeneous material model. A Galerkin-type finite element formulation is developed to solve Fick's equation for steady-state and time-dependent analysis. The effect of the interface in modelling of a liquid-solid medium is presented in this work.

Prevention of malathion-induced depletion of cardiac cells mitochondrial energy and free radical damage by a magnetic magnesium-carrying nanoparticle.

The present work was designed to examine the effect of a new (25)Mg(2+)-carrying nanoparticle (PMC16) on energy and oxidative stress parameters inside the heart of the rats exposed to acute mild toxic dose of malathion, a widely used organophosphate. Post a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of malathion (0.25 of LD50), PMC16 at different doses (0.

Adenosine A2A receptors and uric acid mediate protective effects of inosine against TNBS-induced colitis in rats.

Inflammatory bowel disease comprises chronic recurrent inflammation of gastrointestinal tract. This study was conducted to investigate inosine, a potent immunomodulator, in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic model of experimental colitis, and contribution of adenosine A(2A) receptors and the metabolite uric acid as possible underlying mechanisms. Experimental colitis was rendered in rats by a single colonic administration of 10 mg of TNBS.

The effects of hammer pressure on cellular response in a porcine heart valve tissue.

Our objective was to design, develop, characterize and validate a prototype device for testing the response of aortic valve tissue to impact forces. With each cardiac cycle, the aortic valve, on closure, is subjected to a substantial impact force and the ability of valvular interstitial cells to withstand such forces without apoptosis has not been examined. Our aim was to correlate impact force with apoptosis, identifying the latter using a terminal transferase dUTP nick end-labelling (Tunel) assay.

The effect of fast neutron and gamma irradiation on thermal, structural and colorant properties of 2,6-diaminopyridine.

The variation in structural, thermal and colorant properties of 2,6-diaminopyridine were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV-visible, NMR spectroscopies and powder X-ray diffraction techniques, before and after fast neutrons irradiation with 2.12 and 3.50 kGy and gamma irradiation with 136.

Marek's disease virus influences the expression of genes associated with IFN-gamma-inducible MHC class II expression.

Chickens infected with Marek's disease virus (MDV) become lifelong carriers regardless of their susceptibility to clinical disease. Therefore various viral immune-evasive mechanisms must play a role in MDV-host interactions. MDV has previously been shown to influence the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules.

Characterization of host responses against a recombinant fowlpox virus-vectored vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin antigen of an avian influenza virus.

There currently are commercial fowlpox virus (FPV)-vectored vaccines for use in chickens, including TROVAC-AIV H5, which expresses the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen of an avian influenza virus and can confer immunity against avian influenza in chickens. Despite the use of recombinant FPV (rFPV) for vaccine delivery, very little is known about the immune responses generated by these viruses in chickens. The present study was designed to investigate host responses to rFPV in vivo and in vitro.

Novel Phaeoacremonium species associated with Petri disease and esca of grapevine in Iran and Spain.

Eight Phaeoacremonium (Pm.) isolates from grapevines in Iran and Spain were studied with morphological and cultural characteristics as well as phylogenetic analyses of combined DNA sequences of the actin and beta-tubulin genes. Two new species are described.

A numerical method to enhance the accuracy of mass-spring systems for modeling soft tissue deformations.

This technical note presents a numerical corrective technique that allows control of nonlinearity in a mass-spring system (MSS) independent of its spring constants or system topology. The governing equations of MSS in the form of ordinary differential equations or a regular function accompanied by any boundary or initial condition as known constraints, are employed to modify the results. A least-squares algorithm coupled with the finite difference method is used to discretize the basic residual function implemented in this corrective technique.

Advanced modeling strategy for the analysis of heart valve leaflet tissue mechanics using high-order finite element method.

Modeling soft tissue using the finite element method is one of the most challenging areas in the field of biomechanical engineering. To date, many models have been developed to describe heart valve leaflet tissue mechanics, which are accurate to some extent. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive method to modeling soft tissue mechanics, This is because (1) the degree of anisotropy in the heart valve leaflet changes layer by layer due to a variety of collagen fiber densities and orientations that cannot be taken into account in the model and also (2) a constitutive material model fully describing the mechanical properties of the leaflet structure is not available in the literature.

Design and simulation of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-bacterial cellulose nanocomposite mechanical aortic heart valve prosthesis.

In this study, a polymeric aortic heart valve made of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-bacterial cellulose (BC) nanocomposite is simulated and designed using a hyperelastic non-linear anisotropic material model. A novel nanocomposite biomaterial combination of 15 wt % PVA and 0.5 wt % BC is developed in this study.

Boundary conditions in simulation of stenosed coronary arteries.

A powerful alternative means to studying hemodynamics in diseased or healthy coronary arteries can be achieved by providing a numerical model in which blood flow can be virtually simulated, for instance, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. In fact, it is well documented that CFD allows reliable physiological blood flow simulation and measurements of flow parameters. A requisite for obtaining reliable results from coronary CFD is to use exact anatomical models and realistic boundary conditions.

The lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus capsid protein is a nuclear-cytoplasmic protein.

Arteriviruses replicate in the cytoplasm and do not require the nucleus function for virus multiplication in vitro. However, nucleocapsid (N) protein of two arteriviruses, porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus and equine arteritis virus, has been observed to localize in the nucleus and nucleolus of virus-infected and N-gene-transfected cells in addition to their normal cytoplasmic distribution. In the present study, the N protein of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) of mice was examined for nuclear localization.

The effect of Kombucha on post-operative intra-abdominal adhesion formation in rats.

Background: Peritoneal adhesions are fibrous bands of tissues formed between organs that are normally separated and/or between organs and the internal body wall after peritoneal injury. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of intra-peritoneal administration of Kombucha on intra-peritoneal adhesions.

Materials And Methods: Eighty Wistar rats were subjected to standardized lesion by scraping model and were randomly divided into two groups.