The patterns of Non-communicable disease Multimorbidity in Iran: A Multilevel Analysis.

The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is increasing worldwide. Multimorbidity and long-term medical conditions is common among these patients. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of non-communicable disease multimorbidity and their risk factors at the individual and aggregated level.

Urbanization and noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors: WHO STEPwise Iranian NCD risk factors surveillance in 2011.

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between urbanization and risk factors of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) according to the World Health Organization stepwise approach to surveillance of NCDs. This study is part of a NCD risk factor surveillance of 10 069 individuals in all provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, aged over 20 years, during 2011. By utilizing 2011 census data, urbanization levels were determined in all provinces and logistics regression was used to examine the relationship between urbanization and risk factors.