Development and clinical assessment of a novel probiotic candy in the prevention of respiratory infections in asthmatic children.

Objective: Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children. Upper respiratory infections are often the cause of asthma exacerbation. Studies suggested that spore-forming probiotics can reduce viral infections.

The therapeutic impact of programmed death - 1 in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common type of newly diagnosed cancer. Metastatic spread and multifactorial chemoresistance have limited the benefits of current therapies. Hence, it is imperative to identify new therapeutic agents to increase treatment efficacy.

Extracellular vesicles: Emerging mediators of cell communication in gastrointestinal cancers exhibiting metabolic abnormalities.

There is a complex interaction between pro-tumoural and anti-tumoural networks in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Throughout tumourigenesis, communication between malignant cells and various cells of the TME contributes to metabolic reprogramming. Tumour Dysregulation of metabolic pathways offer an evolutional advantage in the TME and enhance the tumour progression, invasiveness, and metastasis.

The effects of melatonin therapy on the treatment of patients with Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and Meta-analysis on clinical trial studies.

Melatonin has shown promising effects in controlling the progress of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), introducing it as a possible candidate for NAFLD treatment. In this context, the current study is aimed to evaluate melatonin's effect on the plasma levels of Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cholesterol, triglyceride, and liver aminotransferases in NAFLD patients. NAFLD and melatonin, as well as their related terms, were searched in electronic databases, until May 1st, 2020.

Vibrational control: A hidden stabilization mechanism in insect flight.

It is generally accepted among biology and engineering communities that insects are unstable at hover. However, existing approaches that rely on direct averaging do not fully capture the dynamical features and stability characteristics of insect flight. Here, we reveal a passive stabilization mechanism that insects exploit through their natural wing oscillations: vibrational stabilization.

Probiotic for irritable bowel syndrome in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in children. Recently, probiotics have been suggested as a treatment option for gastrointestinal disorders. The most effective species and the most appropriate doses are still unknown.

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with chronic liver disease in North East Iran using PedsQL™ 4.0.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a concept that relates to an individual's perception of health status in relation to the culture and value systems in which they live, in addition to their expectations, goals, concerns, and living standards. Considering the size of the population affected by Chronic Liver Diseases (CLDs) and the severity and chronic nature of the symptoms, there is an emerging need to evaluate the quality of life of patients using a standard protocol. The aim of this study is to assess the HRQOL in children with CLD based on child self-report and parent proxy-report forms.

In Vitro Gluten Challenge Test for Celiac Disease Diagnosis.

Objectives: The in vitro gluten challenge test is an important diagnostic modality in celiac disease (CD), especially in patients who begin treatment with a gluten-free diet before adequate diagnostic workup or in cases with atypical CD. Available literature was reviewed regarding the accuracy of the in vitro gluten challenge test for CD diagnosis.

Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched, and studies that used serology and bowel biopsy as the criterion standard for diagnosis were included in our study.

Ingested Foreign Bodies Removed by flexible Endoscopy in Pediatric Patients: A 10-year Retrospective Study [corrected].

Introduction: Determination of type and location of trapped objects and endoscopic observations among children with foreign-body ingestion.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 105 endoscopic records of patients presenting with foreign-body ingestion from 2001-2011.

Results: Button batteries were the most common objects removed (41%).

Synbiotic in the management of infantile colic: a randomised controlled trial.

Aim: Infant colic is a frequent problem affecting up to 10-30% of infants in first 3 months of life. Results from previous trials have shown that manipulation of gut microbiota can lead to symptomatic improvements. In a randomised clinical trial, we aimed to determine efficacy of synbiotic in reducing average infant crying time at day 7 and day 30 after starting intervention.

Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease presented with ascites and edema.

Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) is a rare disorder, which can progress to malignancy and invasion. Herein, a male patient is presented with hypoalbuminemic ascites and a history of chronic diarrhea five years before. Small intestinal biopsy and immunohistochemical study suggested the diagnosis of IPSID; the patient was then successfully treated with antibiotics.

A case of lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia presenting with cholestasis.

Background: Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, is the rarest and usually the most severe form of adrenal steroidogenic defect,which may presents as infantile cholestasis.

Case Presentation: Here we present a 45 days old infant who came to our attention with cholestasis and severe intractable vomiting and electrolyte disturbances. Evaluation resulted in diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.