Pain Management Strategies before Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to consolidate key findings regarding the efficacy of pain relief medications administered prior to pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) for diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: A comprehensive search of major databases from 1993 to 2023 was conducted. Clinical trials comparing pain relief drugs before PRP in patients diagnosed with DR requiring PRP treatment were eligible for inclusion.

Potential therapeutic effects of green tea () in eye diseases, a review.

This review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of green tea (GT), scientifically named , in treating eye diseases. We provide an overview of the ingredients and traditional use of , followed by a detailed discussion of its therapeutic uses in various eye diseases, including ocular surface diseases (allergic diseases, dry eye, pterygium, and infections), cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, retinal diseases, and optic nerve diseases. The pharmacologic activities related to ocular diseases, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, aldose reductase inhibitor activity, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects are also explored in this review.

Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Aflibercept Biosimilar (P041) Compared with Originator Product in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Objective: To assess the noninferiority of biosimilar aflibercept (P041, CinnaGen) to the originator aflibercept (AFL, Regeneron) in terms of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity.

Design: This was a phase Ш, 52-week, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, and active control trial involving eyes in a 1:1 ratio.

Subjects: Patients with active subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration randomized into the 2 groups of P041 and AFL.

Comparative analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in single and multiple birth neonates.

Aim: To conduct a comparative analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in single- and multiple-born neonates.

Methods: In a retrospective evaluation of 521 premature neonates, encompassing singletons, twins, and triplets born at or before 34 weeks of gestational age with a birthweight of less than 2000 g and who completed the ROP screening program, between 2020 and 2023, in outpatient referral ROP screening clinic affiliated by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were included. Neonates with the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the screening program from 28 days old age and followed up to discharge or treatment based on national ROP screening guideline.

Characteristics of macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion showing poor anatomic response to three loading anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections: an optical coherence tomography analysis.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical features of refractory cystoid macular edema related to retinal vein occlusion associated with the response to three consecutive loading doses of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on retinal vein occlusion patients treated by three anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. They were divided into a group according to resolution of macular edema in optical coherence tomography (Group 1) and with persistent macular edema (Group 2).

Bacillary Layer Detachment in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Case Report.

To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe bacillary layer detachment (BLD) in a patient with diabetic retinopathy treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. We present the case of a 55-year-old diabetic female who was referred to our hospital complaining of decreased vision in her left eye for 2 weeks. Fundus examination of both eyes was compatible with diabetic retinopathy.

The efficacy of oral pain relief cocktail during pan-retinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: to evaluate the pain-relieving effect of analgesic combinations during pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients with severe NPDR without previous history of PRP were included in the study.

Outcomes of near confluent laser versus combined less dense laser and bevacizumab treatment of prethreshold ROP Type 1 Zone 2: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: To evaluate the results of near confluent laser therapy versus combined less dense laser and intra vitreal bevacizumab in treatment of infants with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in zone II.

Methods: This is a prospective double-blinded randomized clinical trial study. Infants with Type 1 ROP in Zone 2 were randomized into case and control groups.

Effect of peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy on macular morphology and optic nerve fiber layer thickness; a prospective case series.

Purpose: The goal of the research was to determine the incidence of microstructural alterations in the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) occurred in eyes treated with peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy.

Methods: Patients with retinal breaks, retinal holes, retinal dialysis, and lattice degenerations who required peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy were recruited in this prospective case series investigation. We performed preoperative and postoperative evaluations, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, funduscopic examination, and macular and ONH optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Pachychoroid neovasculopathy can mimic wet type age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: to determine the percentage of patients with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) among patients who have been misdiagnosed and treated with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients over 55 years old, who were diagnosed with wet AMD, were re-evaluated. All patients were recalled for examination and imaging.

Evaluation of the Effect of Garlic Tablet as a Complementary Treatment for Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablets as a complimentary herbal medication in diabetic macular edema.

Methods: A total of 91 diabetic participants (117 eyes) with central involved macular edema underwent a double-blind randomized trial.

Thyroid Dysfunction as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Wet Type Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose: To investigate possible links between thyroid dysfunction and prevalence of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: The present case-control study enrolled a total number of 90 patients with wet AMD and 90 sex-, and age-matched controls through a convenient sequential sampling method. Thyroid hormones were profiled in serum assay.

Clinical sign and symptom of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma short-time after retinal reattachment surgery: a case report.

Purpose: To describe a case of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), initially presented after successful repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Case Presentation: A 65-year-old man underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade for total RRD with grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the right eye. Ten months after silicon oil removal, the patient presented with weakened vision, and multiple small yellow sub-retinal elevations was observed in fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Ocular Cells: A Means for Improving Ocular Tissue Engineering and Treatments of Eye Diseases.

Tissue engineering is biomedical engineering that uses suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to assemble functional constructs that restore or improve damaged tissues. Recently, cell therapies as a subset of tissue engineering have been very promising in the treatment of ocular diseases. One of the most important biophysical factors to make this happen is noninvasive electrical stimulation (ES) to target ocular cells that may preserve vision in multiple retinal and optic nerve diseases.

Evaluation of Anterior Segment Parameters in Pseudoexfoliation Disease Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To compare anterior segment and angle parameters between pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) and PEX glaucoma (PEXG) and normal control subjects using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: One hundred and two subjects with PEXG, PEX, and normal eyes as the control group were recruited from an academic referral institution.

Ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19; a less-appreciated yet significant challenge.

Aim: The current world has changed in all shapes since the emergence of the novel coronavirus (nCoV-2) also known as COVID-19. Among the extra-pulmonary manifestations of nCoV-2, ophthalmic symptoms have less been systematically studied. The so far existing body of evidence indicates that nCoV-2 has the potential to affect both anterior and posterior chambers of the eye.

Effect of Adding Losartan to Bevacizumab for Treating Diabetic Macular Edema.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of visual loss and blindness in the age group of 20 to 64 years. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral Losartan adjuvant therapy in combination with intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 61 eyes of 47 patients with normal blood pressure and diabetic macular edema and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy were studied.

Comparison between bilateral implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens (Alcon Acrysof IQ® PanOptix) and extended depth of focus lens (Tecnis® Symfony® ZXR00 lens).

Purpose: To compare the visual performance outcomes following bilateral cataract surgery using trifocal intraocular lens (Alcon Acrysof IQ® PanOptix) and extended depth of focus lens (Tecnis® Symfony® ZXR00 lens).

Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized, comparative trial, a total of 40 subjects (80 eyes) were divided into two different groups and submitted to bilateral cataract surgery and implantation of the two different IOLs, Alcon Acrysof IQ® PanOptix® TNFT00 in group A and Tecnis® Symfony® ZXR00 lens (Johnson & Johnson Vision) in group B, was assessed. The uncorrected and corrected near (33 cm), intermediate (60 cm), and far (4 m) binocular visual acuity was measured, and visual binocular defocus curves were also measured in the photopic condition with a long-distance visual acuity and the qualitative visual function was assessed by NEI VFQ-25.

Serum Levels of Vitamin D in Diabetic Patients With and Without Retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the levels of vitamin D in the serum of diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Thirty patients with DR and thirty diabetic patients without retinopathy were included in this cross-sectional study. Based on ophthalmic examination, patients with DR were categorized into having non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative retinopathy (PDR).

Corneal ring infiltration in contact lens wearers.

To report a case of atypical sterile ring infiltrates during wearing soft silicone hydrogel contact lens due to poor lens care. A 29-year-old woman presented with complaints of pain, redness, and morning discharge. She was wearing soft silicone hydrogel contact lens previously; her current symptoms began 1 week before presentation.

Multifocal Surgically Induced Necrotizing Scleritis Following Strabismus Surgery: A Case Report.

Purpose: To present clinical findings of a 28-year-old woman with multifocal surgically induced necrotizing scleritis following uncomplicated strabismus surgery.

Method: A 28-year-old woman underwent uncomplicated strabismus surgery of her right eye for sensory exotropia under general anesthesia (6 mm right medial rectus muscle resection and 8 mm right lateral rectus muscle recession).

Design: Retrospective, observational case report and literature review.

Predictors of intraocular pressure change after phacoemulsification in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Aim: To evaluate anterior chamber biometric factors and intraoperative metrics associated with the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after phacoemulsification in non-glaucomatous pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PXS) eyes.

Method: Thirty-three patients were enrolled in this prospective interventional study. Images were excluded if they had poor quality, poor perpendicularity or inability to locate sclera spurs.

Early phacoemulsification in patients with acute primary angle closure.

Purpose: To compare long term efficacy of phacoemulsification in the early management of acute primary angle closure (APAC) after aborting an acute attack and performing laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI).

Methods: In this nonrandomized comparative prospective study, we included 35 subjects presenting with APAC who had responded to medical treatment and LPI with intraocular pressure (IOP) less than 25 mmHg. Twenty patients with visually significant cataract with visual acuity of <20/30 were assigned to the "Phaco/LPI" group and underwent phacoemulsification within 6 weeks of the attack.