The Role of 5-HT1A Receptors and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in a Seizur Induced Kindling Model in Rats.

Background And Objective: Dentate gyrus (DG) has a high density of 5-HT1A receptors. It has neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which is involved in neural excitability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of 5-HT1A receptors and nNOS of DG in perforant path kindling model of epilepsy.

The Effect of 6-gingerol on Growth Factors and Apoptosis Indices in Rats Exposed to Gold Nanoparticles.

Introduction: Research has shown that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can damage the physiological processes of brain tissue. Given the antioxidant properties of Gingerol (GING), this study aimed to determine the protective effect of 6-gingerol on hippocampal levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), DNA oxidative damage, and the amount of Bax and Bcl2 apoptosis indices of rats exposed to AuNPs.

Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (30 days 0.

Efficacy and tolerability of hydroalcoholic extract of Paeonia officinalis in children with intractable epilepsy: An open-label pilot study.

Despite a wide range of medications available to control epilepsy, seizures in more than 30 % of patients remain uncontrolled. However, in traditional medicine, Paeonia officinalis (P. officinalis), a native perennial herb of Southern Europe and Western Asia, has been used for an anticonvulsant effect for over 2000 years globally.

The relationship between dietary intakes and prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescent girls: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) leading to substantial reduction in quality of life. This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between diet and prevalence of IBS in female adolescents.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were examined on 988 adolescent girls from different areas of Mashhad and Sabzevar cities, Iran.

New anthropometric indices in the definition of metabolic syndrome in pediatrics.

Pediatrics metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be associated with the risk of development of chronic diseases in adulthood; however, the definition of pediatric MetS is unclear, and may vary with ethnicity. The primary goal of this study was to determine the best anthropometric predictors for pediatric MetS. For this purpose, 988 high school girls were recruited.

The effect of harmaline on seizures induced by amygdala kindling in rats.

Objective: Harmaline and other beta-carbolines act as an inverse agonist for GABA-A receptors and cause central nervous system stimulation and anxiety; thus, it may act hypothetically as a potential seizure augmenter. To examine the hypothesis, the effect of harmaline during the seizures induced by amygdala kindling is investigated here.

Methods: Seven groups of male rats were kindled by daily electrical stimulation of the amygdala.

The role of serotonin and its receptors on the anticonvulsant effect of curcumin in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures.

Aim: Curcumin, derived from turmeric, has been demonstrated to be effective in controlling seizures, although the exact mechanism is yet unknown. In this study, the role of serotonin and its receptors in the anticonvulsant effect of curcumin was evaluated in mice.

Main Methods: Total 110 mice were randomly divided into 11 groups (n = 10).

Do sufficient vitamin D levels at the end of summer in children and adolescents provide an assurance of vitamin D sufficiency at the end of winter? A cohort study.

Background: The changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in adolescents from summer to winter and optimal serum vitamin D levels in the summer to ensure adequate vitamin D levels at the end of winter are currently unknown. This study was conducted to address this knowledge gap.

Methods: The study was conducted as a cohort study.

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on quality of life in rectal cancer patients undergoing preoperative Chemoradiotherapy.

Objectives: This study set out with the aim of evaluating the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on quality of life in rectal cancer patients undergoing to preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: In this study, 33 volunteer patients with rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy were allocated in the CLA (n=16) and the placebo groups (n=17). The CLA group and placebo groups received 3 gr CLA/d and 4 placebo capsules for 6 weeks respectively.

The antiepileptogenic effect of low-frequency stimulation on perforant path kindling involves changes in regulators of G-protein signaling in rat.

G-protein coupled receptors may have a role in mediating the antiepileptogenic effect of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) on kindling acquisition. This effect is accompanied by changes at the intracellular level of cAMP. In the present study, the effect of rolipram as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor on the antiepileptogenic effect of LFS was investigated.

Tactile learning in rodents: Neurobiology and neuropharmacology.

Animal models of learning and memory have been the subject of considerable research. Rodents such as mice and rats are nocturnal animals with poor vision, and their survival depends on their sense of touch. Recent reports have shown that whisker somatosensation is the main channel through which rodents collect and process environmental information.

High-Level Soluble Expression and One-step Purification of HTLV-I P19 Protein in Escherichia coli by Fusion Expression.

Expression of HTLV-I p19 protein in an Escherichia coli expression system always leads to the formation of inclusion body. Solubilisation and refolding of the inclusion bodies is complex, time consuming and difficult during large-scale preparation. This study aimed to express and purify a soluble form of recombinant HTLV-I p19 protein in an E.

Inhibition of microglial activity alters spinal wide dynamic range neuron discharge and reduces microglial Toll-like receptor 4 expression in neuropathic rats.

It is believed that neuropathic pain results from aberrant neuronal discharges although some evidence suggests that the activation of glia cells contributes to pain after an injury to the nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the role of microglial activation on the hyper-responsiveness of wide dynamic range neurons (WDR) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressions in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in rats. Adult male Wistar rats (230 ± 30 g) underwent surgery for induction of CCI neuropathy.

Inhibition of amyloid fibril formation and cytotoxicity by a chemical analog of Curcumin as a stable inhibitor.

Clinical application of curcumin for Alzheimer's disease treatment is severely limited with regard to its poor bioavailability, high rate of metabolism, and instability under neutral condition. In the current study, we designed three compounds in which the diketone moiety of curcumin was replaced by cyclohexanone. In these compounds, the linker length of the molecules was optimal; and substitution of dioxolane for hydroxyl groups on compound 3 should prevent metabolic inactivation.

Termination of Nociceptive Bahaviour at the End of Phase 2 of Formalin Test is Attributable to Endogenous Inhibitory Mechanisms, but not by Opioid Receptors Activation.

Introduction: Formalin injection induces nociceptive bahaviour in phase I and II, with a quiescent phase between them. While active inhibitory mechanisms are proposed to be responsible for initiation of interphase, the exact mechanisms which lead to termination of nociceptive response in phase II are not clear yet. Phase II is a consequence of peripheral and central sensitization processes, which can lead to termination of the noxious stimuli responses; 45-60 minutes after formalin injection via possible recruitment of active inhibitory mechanisms which we have investigated in this study.

Modulation of Different Phases of Formalin Test by Force Swim Stress.

Introduction: The formalin test is the most accepted chemical test for evaluation of nociception. It requires the injection of an adequate amount of formalin into the surface of the hindpaw. Formalin test consists of phase 1 (0-7 min) and phase 2 (15-60) in which the animal shows painful behaviors.

Permanent lesion in rostral ventromedial medulla potentiates swim stress-induced analgesia in formalin test.

Objective(s): There are many reports about the role of rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in modulating stress-induced analgesia (SIA). In the previous study we demonstrated that temporal inactivation of RVM by lidocaine potentiated stress-induced analgesia. In this study, we investigated the effect of permanent lesion of the RVM on SIA by using formalin test as a model of acute inflammatory pain.

Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Anethum graveolens Leaves on Seizure Induced by Pentylenetetrazole in Mice.

Background: In this study, the aqueous extract of Anethum graveolens (dill) leaves was studied for its effects on treating convulsions and epilepsy, by using a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling model. The evaluated plant has a traditional medical reputation for profound anticonvulsant activities, additionally, dill has been claimed to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Methods: For the PTZ kindling induction, mice were given a dose of PTZ (37 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) every other day, and seizure stages were precisely recorded.

Validation of nutritional risk index method against patient-generated subjective global assessment in screening malnutrition in colorectal cancer patients.

Objective: To validate malnutrition screening tool of nutrition risk index (NRI) against patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) as a gold standard tool in colorectal cancer patients before radiotherapy.

Methods: Nutritional status of 52 volunteer colorectal cancer patients with a mean age of 54.1±16.

The effect of minocycline on seizures induced by amygdala kindling in rats.

Purpose: Minocycline is known as a chemical with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. In this study, the effects of minocycline on seizures induced by amygdala kindling in rats were studied.

Methods: Kindled Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline and, on the following day, with minocycline (50, 25, and 12.

The role of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of valproic acid and cortical microvascular changes after epileptogenesis in mice.

There have been conflicting reports regarding the role of ethanol in seizure. Another effect of ethanol is vascular damage in cerebral tissue. This study investigates the influence of ethanol on antiepileptic efficacy of valproic acid (VPA) and cerebral microvascular structure.

The antiepileptogenic effect of electrical stimulation at different low frequencies is accompanied with change in adenosine receptors gene expression in rats.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that the anticonvulsant effects of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) can be affected by activation of adenosine receptors. In the present study, the effect of LFS at different frequencies on kindling rate and adenosine receptors gene expression was investigated.

Methods: Animals were kindled by perforant path stimulation in a rapid kindling manner.

Evaluation of oxidative stress, antioxidant status and serum vitamin C levels in cancer patients.

Taking into account the importance role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the prevention and incidence of cancer, the present study was carried out to determine oxidative stress, serum total antioxidant (TAS), and vitamin C levels in cancer patients. Malondialdehyde(MDA), total antioxidant status, and vitamin C levels of 57cancer patients aged 19-80 years and 22 healthy subjects (control group) aged 22-76 years were evaluated. Serum concentrations of MDA as thiobarbitaric acid complexes were measured by fluorometry method, the serum TAS by using commercial test kits from Randox Laboratories, and vitamin C by using spectrocolorimetric method.

Effect of different patterns of low-frequency stimulation on piriform cortex kindled seizures.

Low-frequency stimulation (LFS) is an antiepileptic and antiepileptogenic electrical stimulation. In this study the effect of changes in some LFS (1Hz, monophasic square wave) parameters (intensity, pulse duration and train duration) on piriform cortex kindled seizures was investigated both in fully kindled rats and during kindling acquisition. In fully kindled animals, application of different patterns of LFS immediately before kindling stimulation had no significant effect on seizure parameters.