Temporal Dynamics of Neural Response to Drug Cues in abstinent Methamphetamine Users.

Introduction: Cue-induced craving is central to addictive disorders. Most cue-reactivity functional magnetic resonance imaging studies are analyzed statically and report averaged signals, disregarding the dynamic nature of craving and task fatigue. Accordingly, this study investigates temporal dynamics of the neural response to drug cues as a functional magnetic resonance imaging study among methamphetamine users.

Volumetric analysis of the hypothalamic subunits in obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder that is associated with structural brain damage and cognitive impairment. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating sleep and wakefulness. We aimed to evaluate hypothalamic subunit volumes in patients with OSA.

Prediction of novel biomarkers for gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma using bioinformatics analysis.

Background & Aim: The histologic and molecular changes from intestinal metaplasia (IM) to gastric cancer (GC) have not been fully characterized. The present study sought to identify potential alterations in signaling pathways in IM and GC to predict disease progression; these alterations can be considered therapeutic targets.

Materials & Methods: Seven gene expression profiles were selected from the GEO database.

Quantification of Blood-Brain-Barrier Permeability Dysregulation and Inflammatory Activity in MS Lesions by Dynamic-Contrast Enhanced MR Imaging.

Introduction: Introduction: blood-brain-barrier perfusion characterization impaired in MS as some studies have shown recently but a comparison between perfusion parameters in contrast-enhanced and non-enhanced lesions not have been well documented. Pharmacokinetic quantitative parameters have obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced in magnetic resonance imaging is a useful way to quantify blood-brain barrier permeability leakage.

Methods: MR examination was performed on 28 patients with Relapsing-remitted Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) with (Mean±SD age: 34.

DLPFC stimulation alters large-scale brain networks connectivity during a drug cue reactivity task: A tDCS-fMRI study.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising intervention for reducing craving/consumption in individuals with substance use disorders. However, its exact mechanism of action has not yet been well explored. We aimed to examine the network-based effects of tDCS while people with methamphetamine use disorders (MUDs) were exposed to drug cues.

A case report of the sustained and rapid response of bevacizumab in a TP53-positive breast cancer and liver metastatic patient through personalized medicine.

HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer is much less frequent than other subgroups of breast cancer. Treatment options for this cancer are mostly limited to systemic chemotherapy, which leads to moderate improvements. Targeted therapy against malignant breast cancer requires the identification of reliable biomarkers for personalized medicine to obtain the maximum benefit of this therapy.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes by Anti-CD3-Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

Immune checkpoint blockade, considered a revolutionary approach in cancer treatment, is only effective in patients with high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This work aimed to investigate the feasibility of targeted contrast agent (CA) based on dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs-DEX) for TILs detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. To do so, we synthesized an MRI CA by conjugating SPIONs-DEX to an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody via cyanogen bromide as a cross-linker.

Cue-induced craving and negative emotion disrupt response inhibition in methamphetamine use disorder: Behavioral and fMRI results from a mixed Go/No-Go task.

Background: Drug-related cue-reactivity, dysfunctional negative emotion processing, and response-disinhibition constitute three core aspects of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). These phenomena have been studied independently, but the neuroscientific literature on their interaction in addictive disorders remains scant.

Methods: 62 individuals with MUD were scanned when responding to the geometric Go or No-Go cues superimposed over blank, neutral, negative-emotional and drug-related background images.

Temporally dynamic neural correlates of drug cue reactivity, response inhibition, and methamphetamine-related response inhibition in people with methamphetamine use disorder.

Cue-induced drug craving and disinhibition are two essential components of continued drug use and relapse in substance use disorders. While these phenomena develop and interact across time, the temporal dynamics of their underlying neural activity remain under-investigated. To explore these dynamics, an analysis of time-varying activation was applied to fMRI data from 62 men with methamphetamine use disorder in their first weeks of recovery in an abstinence-based treatment program.

White matter microstructure differences in individuals with dependence on cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine: Findings from the ENIGMA-Addiction working group.

Background: Nicotine and illicit stimulants are very addictive substances. Although associations between grey matter and dependence on stimulants have been frequently reported, white matter correlates have received less attention.

Methods: Eleven international sites ascribed to the ENIGMA-Addiction consortium contributed data from individuals with dependence on cocaine (n = 147), methamphetamine (n = 132) and nicotine (n = 189), as well as non-dependent controls (n = 333).

Along-tract analysis of the white matter is more informative about brain ageing, compared to whole-tract analysis.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) enabled the investigation of brain White Matter (WM), both qualitatively to study the macrostructure, and quantitatively to study the microstructure. The quantitative analyses are mostly performed at the whole-tract level, i.e.

Bio-conjugation of anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibodies to magnetic nanoparticles by using cyanogen bromide: A potential for cell sorting and noninvasive diagnosis.

The conjugation of monoclonal antibodies with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) has appeared as a potential multifunctional clinical tool, which can effectively diagnose cancers and monitor their treatment, specifically. Despite the presence of different methods for conjugating antibodies to iron oxide nanoparticles, novel cost-effective and simpler conjugation techniques should be performed in this regard. In current study, an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody was conjugated to the Fe3O4 coated by carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) using cyanogen bromide (CNBr).

Iranian Brain Imaging Database: A Neuropsychiatric Database of Healthy Brain.

Introduction: The Iranian Brain Imaging Database (IBID) was initiated in 2017, with 5 major goals: provide researchers easy access to a neuroimaging database, provide normative quantitative measures of the brain for clinical research purposes, study the aging profile of the brain, examine the association of brain structure and function, and join the ENIGMA consortium. Many prestigious databases with similar goals are available. However, they were not done on an Iranian population, and the battery of their tests (e.

An interictal measurement of cerebral oxygen extraction fraction in MRI-negative refractory epilepsy using quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Purpose: Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) can be a factor to identify brain tissue's disability in epileptic patients. This study aimed to assess the OEF's level measurement in refractory epileptic patients (REPs) using a quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) method and to determine whether the OEF parameters change.

Methods: QSM-OEF maps of 26 REPs and 16 healthy subjects were acquired using 3T MRI with a 64-channel coil.

Effect of Physiological Noise on Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 3T Magnetic Field.

Introduction: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) methods have been used to study sensorimotor processing in the spinal cord. However, these techniques confront unwanted noises to the measured signal from the physiological fluctuations. In the spinal cord imaging, most of the challenges are consequences of cardiac and respiratory movement artifacts that are considered as significant sources of noise, especially in the thoracolumbar region.

Evaluation of multimodal MR imaging for differentiating infiltrative versus reactive edema in brain gliomas.

Objective: To determine the border of glial tumors by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADC), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and perfusion brain MRI.

Patients And Methods: Ten patients with brain gliomas were enrolled [mean age: 35.3 ± 13.

Fully automatic 3D segmentation of the thoracolumbar spinal cord and the vertebral canal from T2-weighted MRI using K-means clustering algorithm.

Study Design: Method development.

Objectives: To develop a reliable protocol for automatic segmentation of Thoracolumbar spinal cord using MRI based on K-means clustering algorithm in 3D images.

Setting: University-based laboratory, Tehran, Iran.

The influence of mental fatigue on the face and word encoding activations.

Objectives: Memory is an important brain function, and is impaired with brain lesions. Resection of the lesion is one solution for that, but presurgical planning (PSP) is needed to guide the surgery for maximum removal of the lesion, as well as maximum preservation of the function. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is one of the best approaches for such a purpose, but performing an fMRI study needs careful consideration of the factors which influence its results.

Evaluation of contrast agent dose and diffusion coefficient measurement on vessel size index estimation.

Objectives: The goal of this study is to examine the effect of contrast agent (CA) dose and diffusion coefficient on the estimation of vessel size index (VSI).

Materials And Methods: Three groups of four participants were enrolled in this study and two different experiments were performed. Different dose of CA, namely 0.

Comparison of Qualitative (Time Intensity Curve Analysis), Semi-Quantitative, and Quantitative Multi-Phase 3T DCEMRI Parameters as Predictors of Malignancy in Adnexal.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the qualitative (time intensity curve analysis), the semi-quantitative and the quantitative multiphase 3T dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI parameters as predictors of malignancy in adnexal masses. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, women with an adnexal mass who were scheduled for surgical resection or were followed for more than one year period to confirm the benignity of their lesions, underwent multiphase 3T DCE-MRI. The qualitative (time intensity curve), semi-quantitative (SImax, SIrel, WIR) and quantitative (Ktrans, Kep, Vb) analyses were performed on DCE-MRI sequences and their predictive values were compared.

Longitudinal Effects of Bumetanide on Neuro-Cognitive Functioning in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have repeatedly shown inconsistent and almost contradictory effects on the neurocognitive system, from substantial impairments in processing speed to the noticeable improvement in working memory and executive functioning. Previous studies have provided a novel insight into the cognitive improvement by bumetanide as a potential antiepileptic drug. Through the current investigation, we evaluated the longitudinal effects of bumetanide, an NKCC1 co-transporter antagonist, on the brain microstructural organization as a probable underlying component for cognitive performance.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Glucosylated Derivative of Gadolinium Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid for Tumor Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Cancer detection in early stage using a powerful and noninvasive tool is of high global interest. In this experiment, a small-molecular-weight glucose based derivative of Gd-1-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl) diethylene tri amine penta acetic acid (Gd-p-SCN-Bn-DTPA-DG) as a novel potential MR imaging contrast agents was synthesized. Gd-p-SCN-Bn-DTPA-DG was synthesized with reacting of Glucosamine and 1-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl) diethylene triamine penta acetic acid then loaded by gadolinium to make novel agent of functional MR imaging.

A machine learning approach for distinguishing uterine sarcoma from leiomyomas based on perfusion weighted MRI parameters.

Purpose: To propose a computer-assisted method for distinguishing uterine sarcoma from leiomyomas based on perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (PWI).

Materials And Methods: Forty-two women confirmed to have a total of 60 masses (10 uterine sarcomas and 50 benign leiomyomas) were included. The reference diagnosis was based on postoperative histopathological examination.