Experimental and computational investigation of the effect of Hsc70 structural variants on inhibiting amylin aggregation.

The misfolding and aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), also known as amylin, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Heat shock proteins, specifically, heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70), are molecular chaperones that protect against hIAPP misfolding and inhibits its aggregation. Nevertheless, there is an incomplete understanding of the mechanistic interactions between Hsc70 domains and hIAPP, thus limiting their potential therapeutic role in diabetes.

Deep Brain Stimulation beyond the Clinic: Navigating the Future of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that uses electrical neuromodulation to target specific regions of the brain, showing potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite similarities in disease pathology, DBS is currently only approved for use in PD patients, with limited literature on its effectiveness in AD. While DBS has shown promise in ameliorating brain circuits in PD, further research is needed to determine the optimal parameters for DBS and address any potential side effects.

Does Gender, Academic Status, Years of Teaching Experience, and Discipline Affiliation Affect Strategies Used to Promote Creativity in Medical Education at King Abdulaziz University?

Background This study aimed to explore the effect of gender, academic status, years of teaching experience, and discipline affiliation on strategies used to promote creativity in medical education. Methodology This study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Faculty teaching in both the basic sciences and clinical disciplines was included.

Omental infarction mimicking acute appendicitis with negative radiological findings.

A male in his 30s presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of supra-umbilical pain migrating to the right iliac fossa. On examination, his abdomen was soft but tender with localised guarding in the right iliac fossa and a positive Rovsing's sign. The patient was admitted under a presumptive diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

A suggested scientific research environment measure SREM in medical faculties.

Background: Creating a supportive environment for scientific research is vital to improve the quality of research and its impact on development of society. This study outlines the development of a new scale that can measure the scientific research environment of postgraduate medical students. This tool aimed to allow medical institutions to measure their scientific research environment from the researchers' point of view.

extracts inhibit quorum sensing-related virulence and biofilm production in drug-resistant recovered from burn wounds.

Objectives: Numerous studies have confirmed sumac's ability to inhibit pathogens and even eradicate chronic drug-resistant infections. Current research was conducted to demonstrate the action of various sumac extracts at sub-inhibitory concentrations in modulating pathogen-related characteristics instead of killing them.

Materials And Methods: The influence of sumac extracts on the quorum sensing dependent virulence of multidrug-resistant isolates of recovered from burn wounds was considered by detecting the effect on biofilm development, various virulence factors, and expression of bacterial exotoxin A and quorum sensing related genes.

Late-Term Complications of COVID-19: Retropharyngeal Infection and Myocarditis in a 26-Year-Old Patient.

Unlabelled: Deep neck space infection and viral myocarditis related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have both been described in the medical literature. However, there are only three reported cases of retropharyngeal infection as a presenting pathology in the setting of COVID-19. A 26-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with fever and neck swelling and pain 1 month after COVID-19 infection.

Burden of Transport-Related Injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Background: Transport-related injuries (TIs) are a substantial public health concern for all regions of the world. The present study quantified the burden of TIs and deaths in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) in 2017 by sex and age.

Methods: TIs and deaths were estimated by age, sex, country, and year using Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) and DisMod-MR 2.

Virtual Reality Therapy for Depression and Mood in Long-Term Care Facilities.

Virtual reality (VR) describes a family of technologies which immerse users in sensorily-stimulating virtual environments. Such technologies have increasingly found applications in the treatment of neurological and mental health disorders. Depression, anxiety, and other mood abnormalities are of concern in the growing older population-especially those who reside in long-term care facilities (LTCFs).

Proximal Migration of Pancreatic Duct Stent in Pancreas Divisum: Challenges in Retrieval and Review of the Literature.

Pancreas divisum is the most common congenital malformation of the pancreas. Sometimes it is considered an etiology when patients present with recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) with selective cannulation of the minor papilla with sphincterotomy and stent placement are performed in these patients.

Incidence of Silent Ischemic Infarct after Diagnostic Conventional Cerebral Angiogram.

This study was carried out to determine the risk of new ischemic events, demonstrated by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in patients undergoing diagnostic conventional cerebral angiogram. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents, Cochrane Central, Expert Files, and bibliographies of included articles were systematically searched to identify prospective studies that reported MRI findings after diagnostic angiogram. Eligibility criteria included the following elements: manuscripts published between 1999 and 2019; prospective design; only diagnostic angiogram imaging performed prior to the MRI; DW-MRI done before and after the angiogram procedure; and number of new diffusion weighted lesions documented after each procedure.

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria.

Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation.

Psychosocial and occupational factors associated with low back pain among nurses in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a major health problem with significant public health and economic burden. Few studies have clarified the role of psychosocial factors in LBP occurrence. In this study, we assessed psychosocial and occupational factors associated with LBP, within the last 12 months, among nurses in Saudi Arabia.

Lacune is the stroke subtype linked to obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Each stroke subtype is associated with specific risk factors, and stroke prevention depends solely on the control of the underlying risk factors for each stroke subtype. Obstructive sleep apnea has been established as a major risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular disease. However, information on the stroke subtype linked to obstructive sleep apnea is scarce.

Siesta and Risk for Ischemic Stroke: Results from a Case-Control Study.

: Siesta, which is a short afternoon nap, is a habit that is commonly practiced in the Mediterranean and tropical areas. Data on the association between siesta and coronary artery disease has been conflicting. A protective effect has been demonstrated in the countries that commonly practice siesta, but a harmful effect has been observed in the countries that infrequently practice the siesta habit.

Cardiovascular MRI: A valuable tool to detect cardiac source of emboli in cryptogenic ischemic strokes.

Objectives: Despite a thorough work-up including transesophageal echocardiography, 20%-30% of stroke etiology remains cryptogenic. Transesophageal echocardiogram is considered the gold standard procedure to detect cardiac or aortic sources of emboli. In the recent years, cardiovascular MRI has emerged as a noninvasive, sound, and reliable modality to image morphological and functional abnormalities.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Calcific Aortic Valve and Degenerative Mitral Valve Diseases, 1990-2017.

Background: Nonrheumatic valvular diseases are common; however, no studies have estimated their global or national burden. As part of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, mortality, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), degenerative mitral valve disease, and other nonrheumatic valvular diseases were estimated for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017.

Methods: Vital registration data, epidemiologic survey data, and administrative hospital data were used to estimate disease burden using the Global Burden of Disease Study modeling framework, which ensures comparability across locations.

Knowledge of and attitudes toward epilepsy surgery among neurologists in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To investigate the levels of knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy surgery among neurologists in Saudi Arabia and evaluate the factors that affect the physicians` knowledge and attitudes.

Methods: A quantitative observational cross-sectional study conducted at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh. The data were collected using a newly developed, self-administered online questionnaire.

Therapeutic approaches in hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis: A literature review of available therapies and case series.

Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HGAP) is the third most common etiology of acute pancreatitis. HGAP can be attributed to genetic disturbances in triglyceride metabolism or multiple secondary causes. Here, we presented three cases for HGAP and explored different therapeutic approaches for treating HGAP.

Molecular dynamics simulations of an engineered T4 lysozyme exclude helix to sheet transition, and provide insights into long distance, intra-protein switchable motion.

An engineered variant of T4 lysozyme serves as a model for studying induced remote conformational changes in a full protein context. The design involves a duplicated surface helix, flanked by two loops, that switches between two different conformations spanning about 20 Å. Molecular dynamics simulations of the engineered protein, up to 1 μs, rule out α-helix to β-sheet transitions within the duplicated helix as suggested by others.