Discovery of gallic acid-based mitochondriotropic antioxidant attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation.

Mitochondria are complex organelle that plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism, regulation of stress responses, and also serve as a major hub for biosynthetic processes. In addition to their well-established function in cellular energetics, it also serves as the primary site for the origin of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which function as signaling molecules and can lead to oxidative stress when generated in excess. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the leading cause of neuroinflammation.

Hydrophobic C-Terminal Peptide Analog Aβ Protects the Neurons from Aβ-Induced Toxicity.

Spontaneous aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) leads to the formation of neurotoxic senile plaque considered as the most crucial event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Inhibition or disruption of this deadly aggregate formation is one of the most efficient strategies for the development of potential therapeutics, and extensive research is in progress by various research groups. In this direction, the development of a peptide analogous to that of the native Aβ peptide is an attractive strategy.

Discovery of Quinazoline and Quinoline-Based Small Molecules as Utrophin Upregulators via AhR Antagonism for the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle-wasting disease caused by the absence of a dystrophin protein. Elevating utrophin, a dystrophin paralogue, offers an alternative therapeutic strategy for treating DMD, irrespective of the mutation type. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of novel quinazoline and quinoline-based small molecules as potent utrophin modulators screened via high throughput In-Cell ELISA in C2C12 cells.

High-Affinity Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Soluble and Insoluble Aβ Deposits in Alzheimer's Disease.

The overproduction and deposition of the amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates are accountable for the genesis and development of the neurologic disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD). Effective medications and detection agents for AD are still deficient. General challenges for the diagnosis of Aβ aggregates in the AD brain are (i) crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and (ii) selectivity to Aβ species with (iii) emission maxima in the 500-750 nm region.

Fiction and Facts about BCG Imparting Trained Immunity against COVID-19.

The Bacille Calmette-Guérin or BCG vaccine, the only vaccine available against can induce a marked Th1 polarization of T-cells, characterized by the antigen-specific secretion of IFN-γ and enhanced antiviral response. A number of studies have supported the concept of protection by non-specific boosting of immunity by BCG and other microbes. BCG is a well-known example of a trained immunity inducer since it imparts 'non-specific heterologous' immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the recent pandemic.