Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule in Common Pediatric Cardiac Surgeries in a Tertiary Center.

Background & Objective: Unnecessary pre-operative ordering of red blood cells (RBCs) in elective surgeries increases costs and waste of blood inventory. Maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) is a helpful strategy in the estimation of blood units needed for surgery and the prevention of overconsumption. In this study, an MSBOS for pediatric cardiac surgeries is designed.

Central nervous system Aspergillus quadrilineatus infection in a COVID-19 patient, a case report and literature review.

Background: Viral pneumonia such as COVID-19-associated aspergillosis could increase susceptibility to fungal super-infections in critically ill patients.

Methods: Here we report a pediatric case of Aspergillus quadrilineatus cerebral infection in a recently diagnosed COVID-19-positive patient underlying acute lymphocytic leukemia. Morphological, molecular methods, and sequencing were used to identify this emerging species.

Alteration of Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Iranian Children with COVID-19.

COVID-19 is an acute viral disease that has so far infected more than 200 million and killed more than four million worldwide. It affects the immune system and other organs. Here, we investigated the level of free plasma amino acids in COVID-19 patients and compared them with non-COVID-19 subjects.

Evaluation of human bocavirus as well as other well-known viral etiologic agents by PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with clinical impression of viral meningoencephalitis referred to the Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, from 2019 to 2020.

Viral meningoencephalitis is one of the most important diseases that most commonly affect children. In many cases of viral meningoencephalitis, the underlying cause of the disease is not identified, raising the possibility of a variety of pathogens that are not routinely tested. Bocaviruses belong to a newly identified class of viruses that have been reported in some studies to be associated with viral encephalitis.

Distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in suspected women cytological specimens from Tehran, Iran.

Background And Objectives: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with more than 70% of the cervical neoplasm. The current study aims to evaluate the distribution of HPV genotypes in suspected women cytological specimens from Tehran, Iran.

Materials And Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, HPV genotype prevalence was investigated in 433 subject women.

Role of serology tests in COVID-19 non-hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has imposed catastrophic impressions on the world. After all the focused researches conducted in the COVID-19 area, many features remain obscure. We have surveyed 1,363 outpatients with suspected COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran.

Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Their Subsets in Children: Imbalanced CD4/CD8 T Cell Ratio and Disease Severity.

While pathogenesis in COVID-19 is not fully known and the effects between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system are complicated, it is known that lymphopenia, hyper-inflammatory responses, and cytokines play an important role in the pathology of COVID-19. While some hematological abnormalities have been described among the laboratory features of COVID-19, there have not been studies reported on lymphocyte subset analyses in children. The aim of this study was to describe lymphocyte subsets in pediatric patients with mild/moderate or severe COVID-19.

Case Report: Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a 3-Year-Old Iranian Girl.

It is about half a century since free-living amoebae were recognized as pathogenic organisms, but there is still much we should learn about these rare fatal human infectious agents. A recently introduced causative agent of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, Balamuthia mandrillaris, has been reported in a limited number of countries around the world. A 3-year-old girl was referred to our tertiary hospital because of inability to establish a proper diagnosis.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genotyping of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection in Children in an Iranian Referral Hospital.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in childhood, and the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance to the commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents against it has become a major concern. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance and genotyping of bacteria isolated from urine cultures in patients referred to the Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran.

Methods: During the 1-year period, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of strains isolated from patients with UTI were determined.

Comparing predictive values of carbohydrate antigen 19-9, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule-1 in 161 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Background: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) biomarkers as predictive factors to determine the surgery requirement in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Methods: We obtained urine samples from 161 patients at diagnosis and evaluated their levels of the three biomarkers. The patients were under observation for 2 years; subsequently, they were divided into two groups based on their requirement of pyeloplasty.

No evidence of occult HBV infection in population born after mass vaccination.

Despite access to efficient hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and universal immunization schedules, HBV infection remains a global health concern. HBV infection has decreased by this program. Nevertheless, breakthrough infections occur due to generation of occult HBV infection (OBI) and surface gene mutants in the immunized population.

Antibiotic resistance and genotyping of gram-negative bacteria causing hospital-acquired infection in patients referred to Children's Medical Center.

Background And Aim: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is a major problem worldwide. Understanding patterns of bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility is vital to combating HAI. Besides, typing of isolates is important to establish the intra-hospital surveillance of resistant clones.

Phenotypic and genotypic determinants of mupirocin resistance among isolates recovered from clinical samples of children: an Iranian hospital-based study.

Backgrounds: The aim of this study was to evaluate both phenotypic and genotypic determinants of mupirocin resistance among methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin susceptible (MSSA) strains recovered from different clinical samples of children who were admitted to the Children's Medical Center (CMC) Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 clinical isolates of were collected from the microbiology laboratory of CMC Hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to different antimicrobial agents was determined by disk diffusion method.

The Causative Organisms of Bacterial Meningitis and their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Iranian Children in 2011-2016.

Objectives: The study aimed to describe the identity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of the causative agents of bacterial meningitis in children referred to Children's Medical Center (CMC) Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed at CMC Hospital during a six-year period from 2011 to 2016. The microbiological information of the patients with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was collected and the following data were obtained: patients' age, sex, hospital ward, the results of CSF and blood cultures, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of isolated organisms.

Molecular analysis of integrons and antimicrobial resistance profile in Shigella spp. isolated from acute pediatric diarrhea patients.

spp. is a growing global health concern due to increasing multiple drug resistance, commonly resulting in therapeutic failure. Integrons are gene expression systems run by integrase genes.

Diagnosing Mucopolysaccharidosis type IV a by the fluorometric assay of N-Acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase activity.

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA, also known as Morquio A or MPS IV A, is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS). The loss of GALNS activity leads to the impaired breakdown of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) keratan sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate. The accumulation of GAGs results in multiple organ damage.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of the Gram-positive Bacteria Isolated from Children with Bloodstream Infection in an Iranian Referral Hospital: A 6-year Study.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are considered as a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The aim of this study was to report the common Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) responsible for bloodstream infections in children and determine their antimicrobial resistance patterns in Children Medical Center (CMC) Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted within a six-year period (March 2011 to September 2016) for pediatric patients with BSI.

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections in an Iranian referral paediatric hospital: A 5.5-year study.

Objectives: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study describes the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from BSIs in children admitted to an Iranian paediatric hospital.

Methods: Clinical and microbiological data of patients with positive blood cultures were collected from March 2011 to September 2016.