Unraveling the bidirectional relationship between muscle inflammation and satellite cells activity: influencing factors and insights.

Inflammation stands as a vital and innate function of the immune system, essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis. Its role in skeletal muscle regeneration is pivotal, with the activation of satellite cells (SCs) driving the repair and generation of new myofibers. However, the relationship between inflammation and SCs is intricate, influenced by various factors.

Effect of Papaver rhoeas hydroalcoholic extract on blood corticosterone and psychosocial behaviors in the mice model of predator exposure-induced post-traumatic stress disorder.

The function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and psychosocial behaviors are affected in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on presence of several beneficial alkaloids in Papaver rhoeas (PR) plant, we assessed the effects of PR hydroalcoholic extract on blood corticosterone and psychosocial behaviors in the mice model of predator exposure-induced PTSD. Male NMARI mice were assigned into two main groups (control or PTSD) according to stress exposure (presence or absent of the predator).

Investigation of how stimulation intensity of rTMS affects magneto permeabilization of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB).

The present study aimed to assess the effect of the rTMS (repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) intensity on the permeability of the BBB for brain-targeted drug delivery. For this purpose, different rTMS intensities including 70%, 100%, and 130% of Resting Motor Threshold (RMT) assessed in three groups of rats (three groups of 5 rats). Stimulation applied over the right hemisphere of the animals.

Crocin Improves Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress via Downregulating the Nox-4 in Myocardium of Diabetic Rats.

Background: Oxidative stress has a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in the diabetic milieu. Crocin is a natural compound that acts as an antioxidant which could potentially ameliorate oxidative damages in various tissues. The potential role of crocin in the myocardial tissue is not clear yet.

Intracerebroventricular injection of propranolol blocked analgesic and neuroprotective effects of resveratrol following L spinal nerve ligation in rat.

Objectives: Resveratrol as a natural polyphenolic agent can alleviate neuropathic pain symptoms. The mechanism of analgesic activity of resveratrol is far from clear. The current study examine whether analgesic activity of resveratrol is mediated by its neuroprotective and anti-oxidant activity in the neuropathic pain.

Fenofibrate protects the neurovascular unit and ameliorates plasma corticosterone levels in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling seizure in mice.

Epileptic seizures are the most common neurological diseases that change the function of neurovascular unit at molecular levels accompanied by activation of a wide variety of neurodegenerative cascades. Based on the pleiotropic functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), the current study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of fenofibrate (an effective PPARα agonist) on the brain injuries induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling seizure. Adult male NMRI mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 14) as follows; control, untreated kindled mice (PTZ) and two fenofibrate-treated kindled groups.

PPAR-α Agonist Fenofibrate Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Testicular Tissue of Diabetic Rats.

Background: Oxidative stress has the potential to induce impotence, especially in diabetic patients. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonists can potentiate antioxidants in a wide variety of tissues. However, no available evidence exists showing a direct antioxidant effect on testicular tissue in the setting of diabetes.

Crocin treatment decreased pancreatic atrophy, LOX-1 and RAGE mRNA expression of pancreas tissue in cholesterol-fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Objective Oxidative stress in diabetic mellitus is a consequence of oxidative stress, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic tissue damage. Receptors for advanced glycation end products and for oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) have critical contribution in oxidative tissue damage. The present study investigated whether anti-diabetic effects of Crocin via modulation of mRNA expression of RAGE and LOX-1 receptors in diabetic rats.

Crocin Improves Oxidative Stress by Potentiating Intrinsic Anti-Oxidant Defense Systems in Pancreatic Cells During Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia.

Introduction: Oxidative stress (OS) during uncontrolled hyperglycemia has a pivotal role in pancreatic dysfunction. Our study aimed to demonstrate that crocin can potentiate anti-oxidant defense systems of pancreatic cells to improve oxidative stress.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups: a normal group, a normal-treated group, a diabetic group and a diabetic-treated group (n = 6 rats per group).

Fullerenol Nanoparticles Decrease Blood-Brain Barrier Interruption and Brain Edema during Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Probably by Reduction of Interleukin-6 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Transcription.

Background: The present study aimed to examine the protective role of fullerenol nanoparticles against blood-brain barrier (BBB) interruption and brain edema during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury probably by reduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) transcription.

Methods: The male Wistar rats (weighting 280-320 g) were randomly assigned into four groups as follows: sham, control ischemic, pretreated ischemic, and posttreated ischemic groups. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury was performed by occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 90 minutes followed by twenty-four hours reperfusion.

Fenofibrate improves renal function by amelioration of NOX-4, IL-18, and p53 expression in an experimental model of diabetic nephropathy.

Among several pathological mechanisms involved in diabetic nephropathy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis play a prominent role. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonist, has markedly improved oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, but there is no evidence about its effects on interleukin-18 (IL-18), NADPH oxidase type 4 (NOX-4), and p53 expression in diabetic kidneys. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of fenofibrate on improving the underlying mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy.

Crocin improves renal function by declining Nox-4, IL-18, and p53 expression levels in an experimental model of diabetic nephropathy.

Oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis play significant roles in diabetic nephropathy. Previous studies demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of crocin, but there is no evidence about its effects on IL-18, NOX-4, and p53 expression in diabetic kidneys. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of crocin on improving main mechanisms underlying diabetic nephropathy.

PPAR-α Agonist Improves Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Cells by Potentiating Antioxidant Defense System.

Background: Diabetes-induced oxidative stress has an essential role in pancreatic cells dysfunction. The present study aimed to evaluate whether peroxisome proliferator activated receptor- alpha (PPAR-α) induction by fenofibrate counterbalances oxidative stress in pancreatic cells.

Methods: In this in vivo study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as normal, normal treated, diabetic and diabetic treated groups (n=6 in each group).

Crocin potentiates antioxidant defense system and improves oxidative damage in liver tissue in diabetic rats.

Background: Diabetes-induced oxidative stress has an essential role in hepatic dysfunction. The current study was aimed to potentiate the impact of crocin treatment on the anti-oxidant defenses system of hepatic tissue following un-controlled hyperglycemia.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups as normal, normal treated, diabetic and diabetic treated (n = 6).

Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant Effects of Pitavastatin Against Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Kindling in Mice.

The pleiotropic effects of statins (antioxidant and anti-inflammation) have been reported by previous studies. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether pitavastatin has protective effects against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling in mice and also whether pitavastatin improves the brain antioxidant capacity and attenuates the oxidative injuries in kindled mice. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into four groups (each group n=6); control, PTZ-kindling and PTZ-kindled rats treated with pitavastatin (1&4 mg/kg).

Fullerenol nanoparticles decrease ischaemia-induced brain injury and oedema through inhibition of oxidative damage and aquaporin-1 expression in ischaemic stroke.

Background: We examined the possible protective effects of fullerenol nanoparticles on brain injuries and oedema in experimental model of ischaemic stroke through inhibition of oxidative damage and aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) expression.

Methods: Experiment was done in three groups of rats (N = 66): sham, control ischaemia and ischaemic treatment. Ischaemia was induced by 90-minutes middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 hours of reperfusion.

Captopril and Valsartan May Improve Cognitive Function Through Potentiation of the Brain Antioxidant Defense System and Attenuation of Oxidative/Nitrosative Damage in STZ-Induced Dementia in Rat.

Previous findings have shown the crucial roles of brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since RAS inhibitors may have beneficial effects on dementia and cognitive function in elderly people, the aim of present study was to examine the neuroprotective actions of captopril and valsartan on memory function and neuronal damage in experimental model of AD. Adult forty male Wistar rats (220-280g) were randomly divided into 5 groups; Control, Vehicle, Alzheimer and treatment groups.

Overproduction of nitric oxide intensifies brain infarction and cerebrovascular damage through reduction of claudin-5 and ZO-1 expression in striatum of ischemic brain.

Nitric oxide (NO) overproduction has been demonstrated from different NO-synthase overexpression or hyperactivity after brain ischemia. Here, we examined the effects of inhibition of NO overproduction on brain infarction, cerebrovascular damage and expression of claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in striatum of ischemic brain. The experiment was performed in three groups of rats; sham, control ischemia and ischemic treatment.

Polyhydroxylated fullerene nanoparticles attenuate brain infarction and oxidative stress in rat model of ischemic stroke.

Oxidative stress is the common underlying mechanism of damage in ischemic stroke. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of polyhydroxylated fullerene derivatives on brain infarction and oxidative/nitrosative stress in a rat model of ischemic stroke. The experiment was performed by four groups of rats (each; n=12); Sham, Control ischemia, and ischemic treatment groups (Pretreatment and Posttreatment).

Acute effects of aerobic, resistance and concurrent exercises, and maximal shuttle run test on coagulation and fibrinolytic activity in healthy young non-athletes.

Background: The present study aimed to differentiate the acute effects of aerobic, resistance and concurrent exercises, and 40-meter maximal shuttle run test (MSRT) on coagulation and fibrinolysis in non-athletic healthy young men.

Methods: Fifty participants (aged 20-30 years old) were randomly divided into a control and four exercise groups: aerobic, resistance, concurrent, and MSRT (N.=10 each).

Chronic effects of aerobic exercise on gene expression of LOX-1 receptor in the heart of rats fed with high fat diet.

Objectives: Lectin-like low density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1) has pivot role in vascular complications, which is upregulated in numerous pathological conditions. Since exercise has beneficial effects in prevention of hyperlipidemic complications, present study examined protective effects of aerobic exercise through reduction of LOX-1 expression in heart during dyslipidemia.

Materials And Methods: Four groups of rats were used (N=25): Normal, Normal and exercise, High fat and High fat and exercise.

Chronic Aerobic Exercise Decreases Lectin-Like Low Density Lipoprotein (LOX-1) Receptor Expression in Heart of Diabetic Rat.

Background: Overexpression of lectin-like low density lipoprotein (LOX-1) receptor plays an important role in hyperglycemia-induced vascular complications such as atherosclerosis. Based on the beneficial effects of exercise on preventing cardiovascular complications of diabetes, we aimed to examine the protective effects of aerobic exercise on expression of LOX-1 receptor and production of free radicals in the heart of diabetic rats.

Methods: Four groups of rats were used: (n = 5 per group): sedentary normal, trained normal, sedentary diabetes and trained diabetes.

The effect of high intensity interval training on cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in wistar rats.

The aims of the present study were to determine whether short term high intensity interval training (HIIT) could protect the heart against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury; and if so, to evaluate how long the exercise-associated protection can be lasted. Sixty-three rats were randomly assigned into sedentary (n = 15), sham (n = 7), and exercise groups (n = 41). Rats in the exercise groups performed 5 consecutive days of HIIT on treadmill: 5 min warm up with 50 % VO2max, 6×2 min with 95-105 % VO2max (about 40 to 45 m/min), 5×2 min recovery with 65-75 % VO2max (about 28 to 32 m/min), and 3 min cool down with 50 % VO2max, all at 0 % grade.

Neuroprotective effects of crocin on the histopathological alterations following brain ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat.

Objectives: Some histopathological alterations take place in the ischemic regions following brain ischemia. Recent studies have demonstrated some neuroprotective roles of crocin in different models of experimental cerebral ischemia. Here, we investigated the probable neuroprotective effects of crocin on the brain infarction and histopathological changes after transient model of focal cerebral ischemia.