A temperature-induced metabolic shift in the emerging human pathogen .

Unlabelled: is a bacterial genus containing both insect and emerging human pathogens. Most insect-restricted species display temperature restriction, unable to grow above 34°C, while can grow at 37°C to infect mammalian hosts and cause Photorhabdosis. Metabolic adaptations have been proposed to facilitate the survival of this pathogen at higher temperatures, yet the biological mechanisms underlying these are poorly understood.

silver chloride nanoparticles and mediated silver/silver chloride nanoparticles inhibit human hepatocellular and lung cancer cell lines.

Recently, we have reported that biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles from (-AgCl-NPs) and (-Ag/AgCl-NPs) inhibited different cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and several genes alteration. Here for the first time, we assessed the effects of these two nanoparticles on human lung (A549) and hepatocellular (SMMC-7721) carcinoma cell lines. AgCl-NPs and -Ag/AgCl-NPs inhibited A549 cell growth with IC values of 22.

Alocasia macrorrhiza rhizome lectin inhibits growth of pathogenic bacteria and human lung cancer cell in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell in vivo in mice.

Cancer and antibiotic resistance represent significant global challenges, affecting public health and healthcare systems worldwide. Lectin, a carbohydrate-binding protein, displays various biological properties, including antimicrobial and anticancer activities. This study focused on anticancer and antibacterial properties of Alocasia macrorrhiza lectin (AML).

Glycolytic state of aortic endothelium favors hematopoietic transition during the emergence of definitive hematopoiesis.

The first definitive hematopoietic progenitors emerge through the process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition in vertebrate embryos. With molecular regulators for this process worked out, the role of metabolic pathways used remains unclear. Here, we performed nano-LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis and predicted a metabolic switch from a glycolytic to oxidative state upon hematopoietic transition.

Community prevalence of psychiatric disorders: Findings from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh.

Objective: To determine the community prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adult population and describe the prevalence by age, men-women, urban-rural strata.

Methods: A nationwide household survey was conducted in 2019 where adults aged 18 years and above were selected by a multicentric, stratified, systematic random approach. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was used for screening purpose and screened positive individuals were interviewed by research psychiatrists and diagnosed according the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria.

PGF induces a pro-labour phenotypical switch in human myometrial cells that can be inhibited with PGF receptor antagonists.

Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. There has been an interest in developing prostaglandin F (PGF) antagonists as a new treatment for preterm birth, although much of the rationale for their use is based on studies in rodents where PGF initiates labour by regressing the corpus luteum and reducing systemic progesterone concentrations. How PGF antagonism would act in humans who do not have a fall in systemic progesterone remains unclear.

Applications of genome-scale metabolic models to investigate microbial metabolic adaptations in response to genetic or environmental perturbations.

Environmental perturbations are encountered by microorganisms regularly and will require metabolic adaptations to ensure an organism can survive in the newly presenting conditions. In order to study the mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in such conditions, various experimental and computational approaches have been used. Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are one of the most powerful approaches to study metabolism, providing a platform to study the systems level adaptations of an organism to different environments which could otherwise be infeasible experimentally.

Gut microbiota signatures in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), affect millions of people worldwide with increasing incidence.

Objectives: Several studies have shown a link between gut microbiota composition and IBD, but results are often limited by small sample sizes. We aimed to re-analyze publicly available fecal microbiota data from IBD patients.

miR-1246 in tumor extracellular vesicles promotes metastasis increased tumor cell adhesion and endothelial cell barrier destruction.

Background: Tumor blood vessels play a key role in tumor metastasis. We have previously reported that tumor endothelial cells (TECs) exhibit abnormalities compared to normal endothelial cells. However, it is unclear how TECs acquire these abnormalities.

Angiogenic inhibitor pre-administration improves the therapeutic effects of immunotherapy.

In lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are often inadequate for tumor growth inhibition. Angiogenic inhibitors (AIs) are required to normalize tumor vasculature for improved immune cell infiltration. However, in clinical practice, ICIs and cytotoxic antineoplastic agents are simultaneously administered with an AI when tumor vessels are abnormal.

deficiency and its impact on plasma cells and immunoglobulin expression in murine small intestinal mucosa.

The alternative (noncanonical) nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway predominantly regulates the function of the p52/RelB heterodimer. Germline 2 deficiency in mice leads to loss of p100/p52 protein and offers protection against a variety of gastrointestinal conditions, including azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis-associated cancer and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced small intestinal epithelial apoptosis. However, the common underlying protective mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.

Posttranscriptional Regulation in Response to Different Environmental Stresses in Campylobacter jejuni.

The survival strategies that Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) employ throughout its transmission and infection life cycles remain largely elusive. Specifically, there is a lack of understanding about the posttranscriptional regulation of stress adaptations resulting from small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs).

Effects of Human RelA Transgene on Murine Macrophage Inflammatory Responses.

The NFκB transcription factors are major regulators of innate immune responses, and NFκB signal pathway dysregulation is linked to inflammatory disease. Here, we utilised bone marrow-derived macrophages from the p65-DsRedxp/IκBα-eGFP transgenic strain to study the functional implication of xenogeneic (human) RelA(p65) protein introduced into the mouse genome. Confocal imaging showed that human RelA is expressed in the cells and can translocate to the nucleus following activation of Toll-like receptor 4.

Microbial communities form rich extracellular metabolomes that foster metabolic interactions and promote drug tolerance.

Microbial communities are composed of cells of varying metabolic capacity, and regularly include auxotrophs that lack essential metabolic pathways. Through analysis of auxotrophs for amino acid biosynthesis pathways in microbiome data derived from >12,000 natural microbial communities obtained as part of the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP), and study of auxotrophic-prototrophic interactions in self-establishing metabolically cooperating yeast communities (SeMeCos), we reveal a metabolically imprinted mechanism that links the presence of auxotrophs to an increase in metabolic interactions and gains in antimicrobial drug tolerance. As a consequence of the metabolic adaptations necessary to uptake specific metabolites, auxotrophs obtain altered metabolic flux distributions, export more metabolites and, in this way, enrich community environments in metabolites.

Novel antiangiogenic therapy targeting biglycan using tumor endothelial cell-specific liposomal siRNA delivery system.

Tumor blood vessels play important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Targeting tumor endothelial cells (TECs) is one of the strategies for cancer therapy. We previously reported that biglycan, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, is highly expressed in TECs.

ALLD: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Detector.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a life-threatening type of cancer wherein mortality rate is unquestionably high. Early detection of ALL can reduce both the rate of fatality as well as improve the diagnosis plan for patients. In this study, we developed the ALL Detector (ALLD), which is a deep learning-based network to distinguish ALL patients from healthy individuals based on blast cell microscopic images.

Stressors and mental health in Bangladesh: current situation and future hopes.

Bangladesh is a densely populated emerging country in South Asia. Since its harsh independence war, it has suffered from repeated floods and other natural and man-inflicted disasters. Internal migration from rural areas to the urban centres has increased crowdedness, pollution and social conflicts.

miRNA-1246 in extracellular vesicles secreted from metastatic tumor induces drug resistance in tumor endothelial cells.

Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) reportedly exhibit altered phenotypes. We have demonstrated that TECs acquire drug resistance with the upregulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1), contrary to traditional assumptions. Furthermore, P-gp expression was higher in TECs of highly metastatic tumors than in those of low metastatic tumors.

Impact of Interleukin 10 Deficiency on Intestinal Epithelium Responses to Inflammatory Signals.

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic, anti-inflammatory cytokine that has a major protective role in the intestine. Although its production by cells of the innate and adaptive immune system has been extensively studied, its intrinsic role in intestinal epithelial cells is poorly understood. In this study, we utilised both ATAC sequencing and RNA sequencing to define the transcriptional response of murine enteroids to tumour necrosis factor (TNF).

Identification of an RNA sponge that controls the RoxS riboregulator of central metabolism in Bacillus subtilis.

sRNAs are a taxonomically-restricted but transcriptomically-abundant class of post-transcriptional regulators. While of major importance for adaption to the environment, we currently lack global-scale methodology enabling target identification, especially in species without known RNA hub proteins (e.g.

The pathophysiology of bile acid diarrhoea: differences in the colonic microbiome, metabolome and bile acids.

Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a common disorder resulting from increased loss of bile acids (BAs), overlapping irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D). The gut microbiota metabolises primary BAs to secondary BAs, with differing impacts on metabolism and homeostasis. The aim of this study was to profile the microbiome, metabolic products and bile acids in BAD.

The type VII secretion system protects Staphylococcus aureus against antimicrobial host fatty acids.

The Staphylococcus aureus type VII secretion system (T7SS) exports several proteins that are pivotal for bacterial virulence. The mechanisms underlying T7SS-mediated staphylococcal survival during infection nevertheless remain unclear. Here we report that S.

Fruit Extract-Mediated Synthesized Silver/Silver Chloride Nanoparticles Retain Antimicrobial Activity and Induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells through the Fas Pathway.

Recently, green synthesis of silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) has gained a lot of interest because of the usage of natural resources, rapidness, eco-friendliness, and benignancy. Several researchers reported that silver-based biogenic NPs have both antimicrobial and anticancer properties. In the present study, Ag/AgCl-NPs were synthesized from fruit extract, and their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiproliferative mechanisms against human MCF-7 cell lines were evaluated.