Impact of child's cognitive and social-emotional difficulties on child abuse: Does mother's justification of intimate partner violence also play a role?

Background: Violence against children has been a persistent problem in developing nations. The adverse effects of physical violence bear a considerable impact on children's physical and psychological development resulting in both short and long-term issues.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore whether children with cognitive and social-emotional difficulties (CSEDs) were at a higher risk of experiencing physical abuse and whether mothers' views on intimate partner violence (IPV) were also related to physical abuse against children.

Association between malnutrition and anemia in under-five children and women of reproductive age: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011.

Background: Bangladesh is one of the most anemia prone countries in South Asia. Children of age under five years and women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable in this region. Although several studies have investigated the risk factors of anemia, only few have explored its association with malnutrition, despite its high prevalence in the same group.

Determinants of frequency and contents of antenatal care visits in Bangladesh: Assessing the extent of compliance with the WHO recommendations.

Background: In addition to the number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, the items of ANC services covered by ANC visits greatly influence the effectiveness of the ANC services. Recently the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended not only to achieve a minimum of eight ANC visits, but also to use a core set of items of ANC services for safe motherhood. This study examined the levels and determinants of frequency and contents of ANC visits in Bangladesh and thus assessed the level of compliance with the WHO recommended number and the content of ANC services during pregnancy in Bangladesh.

Health care seeking behaviour during pregnancy, delivery and the postnatal period in Bangladesh: Assessing the compliance with WHO recommendations.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends four antenatal care (ANC) visits, delivery in a health facility and three postnatal care (PNC) visits for women to optimize the maternal health outcomes.

Objectives: To examine the level and determinants of maternal health care seeking behaviour during pregnancy, delivery and the postnatal period, and assess the compliance with the WHO recommended levels of care in Bangladesh.

Design/setting: The study is based on secondary analysis of the data obtained from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS).

Advanced correlation grid: Analysis and visualisation of functional connectivity among multiple spike trains.

Background: This study analyses multiple spike trains (MST) data, defines its functional connectivity and subsequently visualises an accurate diagram of connections. This is a challenging problem. For example, it is difficult to distinguish the common input and the direct functional connection of two spike trains.

Association of Low-Birth Weight with Malnutrition in Children under Five Years in Bangladesh: Do Mother's Education, Socio-Economic Status, and Birth Interval Matter?

Background: Malnutrition in children under five years remains a significant problem in Bangladesh, despite substantial socio-economic progress and a decade of interventions aimed at improving it. Although several studies have been conducted to identify the important risk factors of malnutrition, none of them assess the role of low birth weight (LBW) despite its high prevalence (36%). This study examines the association between LBW and malnutrition using data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2011 and provides practical guidelines for improving nutritional status of children.

Statistical technique for analysing functional connectivity of multiple spike trains.

A new statistical technique, the Cox method, used for analysing functional connectivity of simultaneously recorded multiple spike trains is presented. This method is based on the theory of modulated renewal processes and it estimates a vector of influence strengths from multiple spike trains (called reference trains) to the selected (target) spike train. Selecting another target spike train and repeating the calculation of the influence strengths from the reference spike trains enables researchers to find all functional connections among multiple spike trains.