Sustained feeding of a diet high in fat resulted in a decline in the liver's insulin-degrading enzyme levels in association with the induction of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in adult male rats: Evaluation of 4-phenylbutyric acid.

The current study explored the impact of high fat diet (HFD) on hepatic oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) content with the injection of 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) in adult male rats. Following the weaning period, male offspring were distributed among six distinct groups. The corresponding diet was used for 20 weeks, subsequently 4-PBA was administered for three consecutive days.

Perceived Stress and Cfognition Function Quantification in a Scary Video Game: An Electroencephalogram Features and Biochemical Measures.

Introduction: Video games affect the stress system and cognitive abilities in different ways. Here, we evaluated electrophysiological and biochemical indicators of stress and assessed their effects on cognition and behavioral indexes after playing a scary video game.

Methods: Thirty volunteers were recruited into two groups as control and experimental.

Optimization of Fly Ash-Slag One-Part Geopolymers with Improved Properties.

One-part geopolymer concrete/mortar is a pre-mixed material made from industrial by-products and solid alkaline activators that only requires the addition of water for activation. Apart from being environmentally friendly, it also reduces complexity and improves consistency in the mixing process, leading to more efficient production and consistent material properties. However, developing one-part geopolymer concrete with desirable compressive strength is challenging because of the complexity of the chemical reaction involved, the variability of the raw materials used, and the need for precise control of curing conditions.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition ameliorated WFS1 expression alterations and reduced pancreatic islets' insulin secretion induced by high-fat diet in rats.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the development of glucose homeostasis impairment. When ER stress occurs, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to cope with it. One of the UPR components is WFS1 (Wolfram syndrome 1), which plays important roles in ER homeostasis and pancreatic islets glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).

Anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of memantine injected into the ventral hippocampus in male stressed mice.

Objectives: The effects of intra-ventral hippocampal memantine administration in male NMRI stressed mice were studied.

Methods: Two stainless steel gauge 23 guide cannulas were placed in the middle part of the mice ventral hippocampus using stereotaxic coordination. Seven days later, the animals were undergone to the stress protocol as follows: They experience four consecutive electro-foot shock stress sessions lasting for 10 min.

Public transit usage and air quality index during the COVID-19 lockdown.

The people suffering from coronavirus have to lead unprecedented actions including limiting travel especially using public transportation. Therefore, lockdown measures and social distancing to decelerate the distribution of the COVID-19 has become the new norm. Nevertheless, improvement in the ambient air quality of the cities globally has appeared as a key advantage of this lockdown.

The chemical chaperon 4-phenyl butyric acid restored high-fat diet- induced hippocampal insulin content and insulin receptor level reduction along with spatial learning and memory deficits in male rats.

This study assessed the effect of a chronic high-fat diet (HFD) on plasma and hippocampal insulin and corticosterone levels, the hippocampus insulin receptor amount, and spatial learning and memory with or without receiving 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) in male rats. Rats were divided into high-fat and normal diet groups, then each group was subdivided into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 4-PBA groups. After weaning, the rats were fed with HFD for 20 weeks.

Changes in Cognitive Functions Following Violent and Football Video Games in Young Male Volunteers by Studying Brain Waves.

Introduction: This research investigated the effects of violent and football video games on cognitive functions, cortisol levels, and brain waves.

Methods: A total of 64 participants competed in a single-elimination tournament. Saliva samples of all players were obtained before and after the games for the assessment of cortisol levels.

The Beneficial or Harmful Effects of Computer Game Stress on Cognitive Functions of Players.

Introduction: Video games are common cultural issues with great influence in all societies. One of the important cognitive effects of video games is on creating stress on video players. The present research objective was to study different types of stress in players based on video game styles.

Effects of Memantine, an NMDA Antagonist, on Metabolic Syndromes in Female NMRI Mice.

Introduction: The brain glutamate neurotransmitter system and its NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors in the nucleus accumbens play an important role in the incidence of sensitivity and addiction. The present study examined the inhibitory effect of glutamate NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens in response to chronic stress.

Methods: After the unilateral and bilateral placement of cannula(e) in the nucleus accumbens, one group of the animals received different doses of intra-accumbens memantine (0.

Inhibitory effect of NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area on hormonal and eating behavior responses to stress in rats.

Background: Stress and its consequences are among the causes of accidents.

Objective: The effects of intraventral tegmental area (I-VTA) memantine on the plasma corticosterone and eating parameters disturbance induced by acute stress were investigated.

Methods: Male Wistar rats (W: 250-300 g) were divided into control and experiential groups, each of which received memantine either intra-VTA or peripherally.