Vertical distribution of ambient air pollutants (PM, PM, NO, and NO); A systematic review.

Background: Numerous investigations have explored variations in vertical air pollutant concentrations, yielding diverse findings. So, we have conducted this systematic review to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the vertical distribution of air pollutant concentrations (PM, PM, NO, and NO) and the influencing factors.

Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching the three central electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2023.

Hidden health effects and economic burden of stroke and coronary heart disease attributed to ambient air pollution (PM) in Tehran, Iran: Evidence from an assessment and forecast up to 2030.

Air pollution is one of the main causes of global disease burden, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. Estimation of the current situation and prediction of the future health effects of death and incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) attributed to PM were done using BenMAP-CE software. Estimating and forecasting the economic burden of these diseases were done in 4 scenarios: Stability of the current PM concentration, annual 10 % reduction of PM concentration, reduction to 5 µg/m3, and reduction to 12 µg/m3, with three approaches for calculating the economic burden in mortality costs, including the human capital(HC), years of life lost(YLL) and value of statistical life(VSL) was performed.

The influence of N95 and surgical masks on carbon dioxide levels: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of wearing N95 and surgical masks on carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations during various activity levels, to understand the implications for mask use in different settings, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted, retrieving 6798 articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.

Estimation and determinants of direct hospitalisation cost for coronary heart disease in a low-middle-income country: evidence from a nationwide study in Iranian hospitals.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent type of cardiovascular disease in Iran. This study aims to investigate the estimation and determinants of direct hospitalisation cost for patients with CHD in Iranian hospitals.

Methods: We identified patients with CHD in Iran in 2019-2020.

Ambient Air Pollution and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Study.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the effect of air pollution on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We tracked 486 T2DM patients from 2012 to 2021. Cox regression models were applied to assess the hazard of exposure to particulate matter, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) on incident CVD, revealing hazard ratios (HRs).

Two Decades of Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment: Insights From the Use of WHO's AirQ and AirQ+ Tools.

Objectives: We evaluated studies that used the World Health Organization's (WHO) AirQ and AirQ+ tools for air pollution (AP) health risk assessment (HRA) and provided best practice suggestions for future assessments.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of studies using WHO's AirQ and AirQ+ tools, searching several databases for relevant articles, reports, and theses from inception to Dec 31, 2022.

Results: We identified 286 studies that met our criteria.

Assessing capabilities of conducted ambient air pollution health effects studies in 22 Eastern Mediterranean countries to adopt air quality standards: a review.

Purpose: The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries suffer from exposure to high levels of ambient air pollutants due to dust storms and have unique climatic as well as topographic and socio-economic conditions which lead to adverse health effects on humans. The purpose of the review was to evaluate the quantity and quality of published articles on air pollution and health-based studies in 22 EMR countries to determine if they can be applied to adopting air quality standards.

Methods: We designed a review based on a broad search of the literature in the Scopus, PubMed, and web of science (WOS) databases published from January 1, 2000, to January 2, 2022, using combinations of the following relevant terms: air pollution, health, and EMR countries.

Circulating Exosomes and Ambient Air Pollution Exposure in COPD.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive obstruction of airways due to chronic inflammation. Both genetic and environmental components are risk factors for COPD. The most common cause of COPD is smoking.

Comparative review of ambient air PM source apportioning studies in Tehran.

Unlabelled: Rapid urbanization and consuming lifestyles have intensified air pollution in urban areas. Air pollution in megacities has imposed severe environmental damages to human health. Proper management of the issue necessitates identification of the share of emission sources.

Implemented indoor airborne transmission mitigation strategies during COVID-19: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted major economic and health burdens across the world. On the other hand, the potential airborne transmission of SARS-COV-2 via air can deeply undermine the effectiveness of countermeasures against spreading the disease. Therefore, there is an intense focus to look for ways to mitigate the COVID-19 spread within various indoor settings.

Ambient Air Quality Standards and Policies in Eastern Mediterranean Countries: A Review.

National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) are critical tools for controlling air pollution and protecting public health. We designed this study to 1) gather the NAAQS for six classical air pollutants: PM, PM, O, NO, SO, and CO in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries, 2) compare those with the updated World Health Organizations Air Quality Guidelines (WHO AQGs 2021), 3) estimate the potential health benefits of achieving annual PM NAAQS and WHO AQGs per country, and 4) gather the information on air quality policies and action plans in the EMR countries. To gather information on the NAAQS, we searched several bibliographic databases, hand-searched the relevant papers and reports, and analysed unpublished data on NAAQS in the EMR countries reported from these countries to the WHO/Regional office of the Eastern Mediterranean/Climate Change, Health and Environment Unit (WHO/EMR/CHE).

Estimation and predictors of direct hospitalisation expenses and in-hospital mortality for patients who had a stroke in a low-middle income country: evidence from a nationwide cross-sectional study in Iranian hospitals.

Objective: Stroke is the second most prevalent cardiovascular disease in Iran. This study investigates the estimation and predictors of hospitalisation expenses and in-hospital mortality for patients who had a stroke in Iranian hospitals.

Setting: Patients who had a stroke in Iran between 2019 and 2020 were identified through the data collected from the Iran Health Insurance Organization and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.

Meteorological dependence, source identification, and carcinogenic risk assessment of PM-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in high-traffic roadside, urban background, and remote suburban area.

Unlabelled: The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to ambient fine Particular Matter (PM) are currently drawing a lot of attention due to their adverse health effects increasing lung cancer risk in humans. In this study, The PM samples were collected by high volume air samplers simultaneously from three different sites (high-traffic roadside, urban background, and remote suburban) in Tehran, Iran during warm and cold seasons (from July 2018 to March 2019), and 16 PAHs were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Unlike previous studies, a remote suburban area was chosen so as to observe the spatial differentiation in PM-bound PAH characteristics.

Increased allergic and asthmatic risks in children residing in industrial areas by surveying the pre-inflammatory (IgE, IL-4 and IL-13) biomarkers.

Toxic metal(loid)s can lead to high damages on human. This work was conducted to investigate the levels of metal(loid)s in PM2.5 and a total of 123 male children's (aged 6-9 years) blood chosen from different areas in Ahvaz and their association with the responses in serum cells.

Health and economic impacts of ambient air particulate matter (PM) in Karaj city from 2012 to 2019 using BenMAP-CE.

The present study aims to estimate the effects of PM on the health and economy of Karaj city from 2012 to 2019. In this study, mortality attributed to long-term exposure to PM and its spatial distribution in Karaj over the 2012-2019 period were estimated using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) concentration-response function and BenMAP software. PM hourly concentration data of air quality monitoring stations were used to estimate PM for the whole city of Karaj.

Health burden and economic loss attributable to ambient PM in Iran based on the ground and satellite data.

We estimated mortality and economic loss attributable to PM air pollution exposure in 429 counties of Iran in 2018. Ambient PM-related deaths were estimated using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). According to the ground-monitored and satellite-based PM data, the annual mean population-weighted PM concentrations for Iran were 30.

Source apportionment, identification and characterization, and emission inventory of ambient particulate matter in 22 Eastern Mediterranean Region countries: A systematic review and recommendations for good practice.

Little is known about the main sources of ambient particulate matter (PM) in the 22 Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries. We designed this study to systematically review all published and unpublished source apportionment (SA), identification and characterization studies as well as emission inventories in the EMR. Of 440 articles identified, 82 (11 emission inventory ones) met our inclusion criteria for final analyses.

Effect of portable air purifier on indoor air quality: reduced exposure to particulate matter and health risk assessment.

We sought to investigate the impact of air purifiers in the removal of particular matter (PM), PM, PM and particle number concentration (PNC) in the indoor air of dormitories located at Iran's largest medical university, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Twelve rooms were selected and randomly assigned to two rooms: sham air purifier system deployed room (SR) and true air purifier system deployed room (TR). All study samples were drawn simultaneously from assigned rooms using portable GRIMM dust monitors for 24 h.

Prenatal malaria exposure and risk of adverse birth outcomes: a prospective cohort study of pregnant women in the Northern Region of Ghana.

Objective: Malaria remains endemic in most of sub-Saharan Africa and has a negative impact among pregnant women, resulting in morbidity and poor birth outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between malaria and adverse birth outcomes among prenatal women in the Northern Region of Ghana.

Design: This is a prospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies at 28 weeks of gestational age and above recruited between July 2018 and May 2019 from four public hospitals in the Northern Region of Ghana.

Air pollution exposure and mammographic breast density in Tehran, Iran: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Air pollution is one of the major public health challenges in many parts of the world possibly has an association with breast cancer. However, the mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to find an association between exposure to six criteria ambient air pollutants (PM, PM, SO, NO, O, and CO) and mammographic breast density (MBD), as one of the strongest predictors for developing breast cancer, in women living in Tehran, Iran.

Identification and determination of the volatile organics of third-hand smoke from different cigarettes and clothing fabrics.

Third-hand smoke (THS) is a persistent mixture generated from aged second-hand smoke (SHS) that accumulates in indoor environments and reemits into the air. This work evaluates the tobacco-derived volatile organics of cigarette THS from various clothing fabrics that were exposed to side-stream smoke of several brands of cigarettes in a controlled experimental scale. The qualitative and quantitative determination of the chemicals off-gassed was performed using solid phase micro-extraction coupled with GC/MS.

The effect of size distribution of ambient air particulate matter on oxidative potential by acellular method Dithiothreitol; a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Today air pollution caused by particulate matter (PM) is a global issue, especially in densely populated and high-traffic cities. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by various toxicological studies is considered as one of the important effects caused by airborne particles that can lead to adverse effects on human health. In this study, to answer the question of whether particle size affects oxidative potential (OP), we searched the main databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, and defined search strategy based on the MESH terms for the above-mentioned search engines.

Effects of respirators to reduce fine particulate matter exposures on blood pressure and heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Particulate-filtering respirators (PFRs) have been recommended as a practical personal-level intervention to protect individuals from the health effects of particulate matter exposure. However, the cardiovascular benefits of PFRs including improvements in key surrogate endpoints remain unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies (wearing versus not wearing PFRs) reporting the effects on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV).

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in Indoor Air of Sina and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals and Patients' Houses.

Side by side air sampling was conducted using a PTFE filter membrane as dry sampler and an impinger containing a suitable culture medium as a wet sampler. Most of the samples were collected from two hospitals and few air samples were collected from private houses of non-hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 patients. The collected air samples were analyzed using RT-PCR.