A computational model that integrates unrestricted callus growth, mechanobiology, and angiogenesis can predict bone healing in rodents.

We present a computational model that integrates mechanobiological regulations, angiogenesis simulations and models natural callus development to simulate bone fracture healing in rodents. The model inputs include atomic force microscopy values and micro-computed tomography on the first-day post osteotomy, which, combined with detailed finite element modeling, enables scrutinizing mechanical and biological interactions in early bone healing and throughout the healing process. The model detailed mesenchymal stem cell migration patterns, which are essential for tissue transformation and vascularization during healing, indicating the vital role of blood supply in the healing process.

Capnography and Pulse Oximetry Improve Fast Track Extubation in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Use of capnography as a non-invasive method during the weaning process for fast track extubation (FTE) is controversial. We conducted the present study to determine whether pulse oximetry and capnography could be utilized as alternatives to arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements in patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 70 patients, who were candidates for CABG surgery, were randomly assigned into two equal groups ( = 35), intervention and control group.

Computational modeling of human bone fracture healing affected by different conditions of initial healing stage.

Background: Bone healing process includes four phases: inflammatory response, soft callus formation, hard callus development, and remodeling. Mechanobiological models have been used to investigate the role of various mechanical and biological factors on bone healing. However, the effects of initial healing phase, which includes the inflammatory stage, the granulation tissue formation, and the initial callus formation during the first few days post-fracture, are generally neglected in such studies.

Adaptive Support Ventilation Reduces the Incidence of Atelectasis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Pulmonary complications are common following cardiac surgery and can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Atelectasis is the most common respiratory complication following cardiac surgery. One of the most important methods for reducing pulmonary complications is supportive care with protective ventilation strategies.

Early mobilization reduces the atelectasis and pleural effusion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial.

Atelectasis and pleural effusion are common after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Longer stay in the bed is one of the most important contributing factors in pulmonary complications. Some studies confirm the benefits of early mobilization (EM) in critically ill patients, but the efficacy of EM on pulmonary complications after CABG is not clear.

Oral magnesium supplementation reduces the incidence of gastrointestinal complications following cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

Gastrointestinal complications are common after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. These complications are ranged from nausea and vomiting to mesenteric ischemia and liver failure. It seems that nausea, vomiting, and constipation are related to magnesium deficiency.

Bone fracture healing in mechanobiological modeling: A review of principles and methods.

Bone fracture is a very common body injury. The healing process is physiologically complex, involving both biological and mechanical aspects. Following a fracture, cell migration, cell/tissue differentiation, tissue synthesis, and cytokine and growth factor release occur, regulated by the mechanical environment.

Investigation of trunk muscle activities during lifting using a multi-objective optimization-based model and intelligent optimization algorithms.

A six-degree-of-freedom musculoskeletal model of the lumbar spine was developed to predict the activity of trunk muscles during light, moderate and heavy lifting tasks in standing posture. The model was formulated into a multi-objective optimization problem, minimizing the sum of the cubed muscle stresses and maximizing the spinal stability index. Two intelligent optimization algorithms, i.

Cross-sectional area of human trunk paraspinal muscles before and after posterior lumbar surgery using magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Iatrogenic injuries to paraspinal muscles during the posterior lumbar surgery (PLS) cause a reduction in their cross-sectional areas (CSAs) and contractile densities over time post-surgery. This study aims to quantify such alterations.

Method: Pre- and postoperative CSAs (~6 months interval) of all paraspinal muscles were measured in six patients undergoing PLS using a 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner to quantify the alterations in geometrical and tissue effective contractile (non-fatty) CSAs of these muscles at all lumbar levels.

The effect of systemic arterial-line leukocyte filtration on the outcome of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Background: It is known that cardiopulmonary bypass causes an inflammatory reaction with associated morbidity and mortality. Several anti-inflammatory strategies have been implemented to reduce this response, including leukocyte removal from the circulation using specialized filters.

Objectives: The aim of this randomized clinical study was to assess the impact of arterial-line systemic leukocyte filtration on the postoperative outcome of adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.