Low, but Not High, Doses of Copper Sulfate Impair Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampal CA1 Region In Vivo.

Previous studies have shown the inhibitory effect of the in vitro application of copper sulfate on hippocampal long-term potentiation. While in vivo administration of copper did not affect spatial learning and memory. To find possible answers to this controversial issue, we evaluate the effect of different doses of copper sulfate on in vivo long-term potentiation, synaptic transmission, and paired-pulse behavior of CA1 pyramidal cells.

Cardiovascular physiology misconceptions and the potential of cardiovascular physiology teaching to alleviate these.

Background: Misconceptions are mental models of phenomena that are at variance with accepted scientific models of these phenomena.

Aim: The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of some misconceptions among students about cardiovascular physiology and to evaluate the effectiveness of cardiovascular physiology teaching in alleviating these misconceptions.

Method: A descriptive-analytic survey was undertaken with 348 undergraduates from the fields of medicine, nursing, and biology.