Deciphering the Genetic and Epidemiological Landscape of Inherited Retinal Diseases (IRDs) in a Cohort of Eastern Iranian Patients.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) may have significant diagnostic challenges due to their genetic complexity and diverse inheritance patterns. Advanced genotyping tools like exome sequencing (ES) offer promising opportunities for identifying causative variants and improving disease management. This retrospective study was aimed to present prevalent pathogenic and novel variants in patients diagnosed with IRDs using ES.

Effect of Astigmatism Treatment With Three Excimer Lasers After Photorefractive Keratectomy.

Objectives: To compare astigmatism correction after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using three excimer laser devices, Alcon Wavelight EX500, Schwind Amaris 1,050, and Technolas Teneo317 M2.

Methods: This retrospective study included 414 eyes from 414 subjects with a history of PRK performed using Alcon Wavelight (n=172), Schwind Amaris (n=122), and Technolas (n=120). Uncorrected & corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA & CDVA), and refractive status (spherical equivalent (SE) and vector analysis (J0 and J45)) were postoperatively recorded at the 6-month and 12-month examinations.

Comparison of corneal biomechanical parameters in healthy corneas with symmetric and asymmetric bow-tie topographic pattern with inferior and superior steepening.

Purpose: To compare the corneal biomechanical parameters in healthy corneas with symmetric and asymmetric bow-tie topographic patterns.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 144 eyes were divided based on inferior-superior asymmetry value (I-S) into symmetric (zero I-S: - 0.50 to + 0.

Impact of a 50bp insertion/deletion polymorphism of the superoxide dismutase-1 on oxidative stress status and risk of keratoconus.

Keratoconus (KC) is characterized by the predominant primary ectatic disease, affecting the cornea, necessitating corneal transplants in some cases. While some loci associated with KC risk have been identified, the understanding of the disease remains limited. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes play a crucial role in countering the reactive oxygen species and providing protection against oxidative stress (OS).

Computer-aided diagnosis of keratoconus through VAE-augmented images using deep learning.

Detecting clinical keratoconus (KCN) poses a challenging and time-consuming task. During the diagnostic process, ophthalmologists are required to review demographic and clinical ophthalmic examinations in order to make an accurate diagnosis. This study aims to develop and evaluate the accuracy of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models for the detection of keratoconus (KCN) using corneal topographic maps.

Comparing morphologic features and complications of main clear corneal incision between junior and senior residents observed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Background: Wound construction is a critical step in phacoemulsification. Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), we compared the morphological features and complications of main incisions made by junior or senior residents during phacoemulsification.

Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study included eyes with senile cataracts that underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with a clear corneal incision made by seven senior and eight junior ophthalmology residents.

Changes in corneal biomechanical parameters in keratoconus eyes with various severities after corneal cross-linking (CXL): A comparative study.

Objectives: To compare changes in corneal biomechanical parameters one year after corneal cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconus (KCN) eyes of different severities.

Methods: Seventy-five eyes with mild, moderate, and severe grades of KCN (n = 24, 31, and 20 eyes, respectively) that were treated with CXL, based upon the standard Dresden protocol, were included. The corneal biomechanical assessment was performed using Corvis ST and Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).

Comparison of corneal biomechanical properties in healthy thin corneas with matched keratoconus eyes.

Purpose: To compare corneal biomechanical parameters of normal thin corneas with matched keratoconus eyes.

Setting: Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Design: Cross-sectional comparative study.

Detection ability of corneal biomechanical parameters for early diagnosis of ectasia.

Purpose: To assess the detection ability of corneal biomechanical parameters for early diagnosis of ectasia.

Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study included 134 normal eyes (control group) from 134 healthy subjects and 128 eyes with asymmetric contralateral corneal ectasia with normal topography (ACE-NT, study group) from 128 subjects with definite keratoconus in the opposite eye. Placido-disk-based corneal topography with TMS-4, Scheimpflug corneal tomography with Pentacam HR, and corneal biomechanical assessment with Corvis ST and ocular response analyzer (ORA) were performed.

Acute Hydrops with Total Corneal Edema in a Very Young Child with Keratoconus: The Youngest Age Reported Case.

Purpose: To present the youngest age ever reported for acute corneal hydrops with total corneal edema in a child with advanced bilateral keratoconus.

Methods: Patient presentation in ophthalmic clinic. The patient underwent various clinical tests and examinations including anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and Scheimpflug corneal tomography.

Comparison of Epithelial Thickness Mapping in Normal Corneas with Different Types of Astigmatism.

Significance: Corneal epithelial thickness mapping has a wide range of applications including screening for keratoconus, screening for anterior basement membrane dystrophy, and assessment of dry eye. It also plays an important role in corneal laser refractive surgery. These all require an understanding of the epithelial thickness profile in a normal cornea as a reference.

Corneal Stability and Visual Acuity 1 Year After Corneal Cross-linking Assessed Using the ABCD Keratoconus Staging System.

Purpose: To assess corneal stability and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) 3, 6, and 12 months following corneal cross-linking (CXL) using the ABCD keratoconus staging system.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 31 eyes with keratoconus receiving CXL based on the standard Dresden protocol. CDVA, refraction, and Scheimpflug tomography with the Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) were evaluated before and after surgery.

Keratoconus detection of changes using deep learning of colour-coded maps.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of convolutional neural networks technique (CNN) in detecting keratoconus using colour-coded corneal maps obtained by a Scheimpflug camera.

Design: Multicentre retrospective study.

Methods And Analysis: We included the images of keratoconic and healthy volunteers' eyes provided by three centres: Royal Liverpool University Hospital (Liverpool, UK), Sedaghat Eye Clinic (Mashhad, Iran) and The New Zealand National Eye Center (New Zealand).

Corneal biomechanical parameters in keratoconus eyes with abnormal elevation on the back corneal surface only versus both back and front surfaces.

Corneal biomechanical parameters were compared in 100 keratoconus eyes with abnormal elevation on the back corneal surface only (group 1), versus both the back and front surfaces (group 2). Scheimpflug tomography with Pentacam HR, corneal biomechanical assessments using Corvis ST and Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and corneal epithelium thickness maps using anterior segment optical coherence tomography were assessed. There were no significant differences in the IOP measured using Corvis ST and ORA, age or sex between the two groups.

Comparison of Keratoconus Cone Location of Different Topo/tomographical Parameters.

: To compare the corneal cone location on different maps and instruments, and their agreements, with elevation maps.: In 90 left eyes with bilateral keratoconus, the apex of cone location was determined based on the maximum simulated keratometry (Kmax) location on the anterior sagittal curvature map by Pentacam HR, the maximum curvature on the mean curvature map by ATLAS 9000, most elevated point of the island of positive elevation relative to the best fit sphere on the front and back corneal elevation maps by Pentacam HR, and thinnest point on the thickness map by Pentacam HR and Orbscan, and the thinnest points on pachymetry and epithelial thickness maps by RTVue OCT.: There was a significant difference among the location on different maps along the - and -axes ( < .

Diagnosis of keratitis in Mashhad, Northeastern Iran: A Gene-Based PCR Assay.

Background: The genus is a free-living opportunistic protozoan parasite, which widely distributed in soil and fresh water. keratitis, which causes a sight-threating infection of the cornea, is going to rise in Iran and worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare direct microscopy, culture and PCR for detection of spp in clinical samples and to determine the genotypes of spp by sequencing 18SrRNA gene.

Corneal Biomechanical Properties in Varying Severities of Myopia.

To investigate corneal biomechanical response parameters in varying degrees of myopia and their correlation with corneal geometrical parameters and axial length. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 172 eyes of 172 subjects, the severity degree of myopia was categorized into mild, moderate, severe, and extreme myopia. Cycloplegic refraction, corneal tomography using Pentacam HR, corneal biomechanical assessment using Corvis ST and Ocular Response Analyser (ORA), and ocular biometry using IOLMaster 700 were performed for all subjects.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Belin Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display in Early Diagnosis of Keratoconus.

Purpose: Early diagnosis of keratoconus disease (KCN) is the first priority in the preoperative evaluations of refractive surgery (RS).The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between findings of Belin Ambrosio enhanced ectasia display (BAD) software and conventional corneal imaging (Orbscan and topography) in the early diagnosis of KCN.

Methods: For conducting this cross-sectional study, a total of 1000 eyes were selected from 500 patients that underwent the myopic photorefractive keratectomy surgery and were compared in four study groups during the years 2017-2018.

Comparative analysis of two different types of intracorneal implants in keratoconus: A corneal tomographic study.

Objective: To evaluate changes in visual acuity and corneal tomographic outcomes at 6 months after femtosecond-laser assisted implantation of two different types of intracorneal implants in keratoconus.

Methods: A total of 39 keratoconus eyes implanted with two segments KeraRing ( = 22 eyes) or MyoRing ( = 17 eyes) were enrolled. Tomographic data (Pentacam system, Oculus) were analyzed and correlated with enhancement in uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA).

Intracorneal Stromal Ring Can Affect the Biomechanics of Ectatic Cornea.

Purpose: The biomechanical properties of ecstatic cornea undergo changes. This study evaluates the biomechanical changes of ecstatic cornea after implantation of two types of intracorneal stromal ring (ICR).

Methods: For doing this prospective cross-sectional study, 32 patients with keratoconus (KCN) were randomly divided into two 16-member groups (group I: MyoRing, group II: KeraRing).

Scheimpflug Corneal Densitometry Changes After the Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment Implantation.

Purpose: To investigate the changes in corneal backward scattering using Scheimpflug tomography (densitometry) 6 months after intrastromal corneal ring segments (Keraring) implant for keratoconus and to correlate with clinical results.

Methods: Along with standard ophthalmic examination, Scheimpflug tomography using Pentacam HR was performed to document corneal densitometry and corneal shape. A densitometry map was displayed using grayscale units (GSUs) ranging from 0 to 100 (minimum to maximum light scattering) in 4 concentric annuluses: central 2-, 2- to 6-, 6- to 10-, 10- to 12-, and total 12-mm corneal diameter and at 3 different depths: anterior 120 μm, posterior 60 μm, middle (varying accordingly to the total thickness), and total thickness.

Masked comparison of two silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy.

Purpose: To compare the efficiency and safety of two bandage contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods: In this double-blind study, 45 patients (90 eyes) received PRK in both eyes and wore bandage contact lenses (BCLs), PureVision (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA) in one eye and PureVision2 (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA) in the other eye, randomly assigned. The medication regimen after surgery was the same for both eyes.