The rGO@AuNPs modified label-free electrochemical immunosensor to sensitive detection of CP-BNYVV protein of Rhizomania disease agent in sugar beet.

For the first time, a novel simple label-free electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated for sensitive detection of the coat protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (CP-BNYVV) as the causal agent of Rhizomania disease in sugar beet. To boost the amplification of the electrochemical signal, gold nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs-rGO) nanocomposite was employed to modify the glassy carbon electrode. Anti-BNYVV polyclonal was immobilized onto a modified electrode by applying a thiol linker via a self-assembly monolayer (SAM) and activating the functionalized surface using (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane) and glutaraldehyde.

Transient expression of anti-HrpE scFv antibody reduces the hypersensitive response in non-host plant against bacterial phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.

Citrus canker is a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) that affects the citrus industry worldwide. Hrp pili subunits (HrpE), an essential component of Type III secretion system (T3SS) bacteria, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Xcc by transporting effector proteins into the host cell and causing canker symptoms.

In planta expression of specific single chain fragment antibody (scFv) against nucleocapsid protein of fig mosaic virus (FMV).

Fig mosaic virus (FMV) is recognized as the main viral agent associated with the mosaic disease (MD) of fig trees (Ficus carica). Due to its worldwide occurrence, FMV represents the most significant global threat to the production of fig fruit. A disease management strategy against the MD in fig orchards has never been effective; and therefore, expression of recombinant antibody in plant cells could provide an alternative approach to suppress FMV infections.

Determination of the epitopic peptides of fig mosaic virus and the single-chain variable fragment antibody by mass spectrometry.

The study of antibody-antigen interactions, through epitope mapping, enhances our understanding of antibody neutralization and antigenic determinant recognition. Epitope mapping, employing monoclonal antibodies and mass spectrometry, has emerged as a rapid and precise method to investigate viral antigenic determinants. In this report, we propose an approach to improve the accuracy of epitopic peptide interaction rate recognition.

Developing of specific monoclonal recombinant antibody fused to alkaline phosphatase (AP) for one-step detection of fig mosaic virus.

Present study was performed to develop a fusion recombinant monoclonal antibody for one-step and accurate detection of FMV with a specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) fused to alkaline phosphatase (AP) named as scFv(FMV-NP)-AP. The gene encoding-specific scFv recombinant antibody binding to nucleocapsid protein of (FMV-NP) was fused to upstream of AP gene and integrated in pET26b bacterial expression vector. As vector contain signal peptide, the expressed protein is secreted into periplasmic compartment.

Comparative evaluation of resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) in three different RNAi-based transgenic potato plants.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) produced from template double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) can activate the immune system in transgenic plants by detecting virus transcripts to degrade. In the present study, an RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencing mechanism was used for the development of transgenic potato plants resistant to potato virus Y (PVY), the most harmful viral disease. Three RNAi gene constructs were designed based on the coat protein (CP) and the untranslated region parts of the PVY genome, being highly conserved among all strains of the PVY viruses.

Transient expression of an scFvG8 antibody in plants and characterization of its effects on the virulence factor pthA of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.

Citrus bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a major disease of citrus plants, causing a significant loss in the citrus industry. The pthA is a bacterial effector protein mediates protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions and modulates host transcription.

A new single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody provides sensitive and specific detection of citrus tristeza virus.

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the most economically important virus disease of citrus worldwide. To develop a specific serological assay for CTV, a Tomlinson phage display antibody library of single chain variable fragments (scFv) was screened with a recombinant CTV coat protein (CTV-CP) heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The phage clones were checked by ELISA to identify clones with high specificity for CTV-CP.

Selection and characterization of two monoclonal antibodies specific for the Aspergillus flavus major antigenic cell wall protein Aflmp1.

Aspergillus flavus is a major fungal pathogen of plants and an opportunistic pathogen of humans. In addition to the direct impact of infection, it produces immunosuppressive and carcinogenic aflatoxins. The early detection of A.

Isolation of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies for detection of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) by phage display.

Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV, genus Mastrevirus), has a wide host range and geographic distribution in many parts of the world, and it is one of the most important legume-infecting viruses. Detection of CpCDV-infected plants in the field and evaluation of viral resistance of plant cultivars are possible by conducting serological assays. Here, development and characterization of a specific recombinant monoclonal antibody for CpCDV as a diagnostic tool are described.

Conjugation of Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody to Magnetic Nanoparticles and Screening of Fig Mosaic Virus by MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry.

The ability of mass spectrometry for discrimination between protein and peptide masses which are unique to specific pathogens provides an accurate and fast method for the detection of different types of pathogens, especially viruses. Capsid proteins are specific to each virus and can be used as a biomarker for detection of this pathogen. On the other hand, single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies have been recently used to enhance the accuracy of immunoassay techniques.

Generation and molecular docking analysis of specific single-chain variable fragments selected by phage display against the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of fig mosaic virus.

The mosaic disease caused by fig mosaic virus (FMV) is considered the plague of fig worldwide. A naïve phage display library, raised against the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of FMV (FMV-Np) was screened to obtain specific monoclonal recombinant antibodies in the form of single chain variable fragments (scFvs). After three rounds of biopanning, the bacterially expressed FMV-Np was used as an antigen for selecting specific phages for the production of specific soluble scFvs to be used in immunological assays.

Production of a polyclonal antiserum against recombinant nucleocapsid protein and its application for the detection of fig mosaic virus.

Mosaic disease (MD), caused by Fig mosaic emaravirus (FMV), is the most important and devastating virus disease of fig trees worldwide. The detection of FMV in infected plants is possible only through the use of molecular techniques, i.e.

Simple and effective label free electrochemical immunosensor for Fig mosaic virus detection.

Here, the construction and characterization of the first immunosensor for highly sensitive and label free detection of Fig mosaic virus (FMV) is reported. The specific antibody against nucleocapsid of the virus was raised and immobilized at the surface of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and 3-mercapto propionic acid (MPA) modified gold electrode, via carbodiimide coupling reaction. The immunosensor fabrication steps were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Phage Displayed scFv Fragment for Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Molecular Docking Analysis of Their Interactions.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression amplifies to excess amounts in several disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Although, Anti-TNF biologics have revolutionized the treatment of these autoimmune diseases, formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) has dramatically affected their use. The next generation antibodies ( Fab, scFv) have not only reduced resulted immunogenicity, but also proved several benefits including better tumor penetration and more rapid blood clearance.

The contribution of cell wall composition in the expansion of Camellia sinensis seedlings roots in response to aluminum.

Treatment with aluminum triggers a unique response in tea seedlings resulting in biochemical modification of the cell wall, regulation of the activity of the loosening agents, and elongation of root. Unlike most terrestrial plants, tea (Camellia sinensis L.) responds to aluminum (Al) through the promotion of its root elongation; but the real mechanism(s) behind this phenomenon is not well understood.

Development of high-throughput quantum dot biosensor against Polymyxa species.

The plasmodiophoromycete Polymyxa betae and P. graminis are eukaryotic biotrophic parasites residing in the roots of chenopodiacae and gramineae plants. They are natural transmitting agents of several important plant viruses such as are beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYW), beet soil borne mosaic virus (BSBMV), wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (WSBMV).

Antibody-mediated resistance against plant pathogens.

Plant diseases have a significant impact on the yield and quality of crops. Many strategies have been developed to combat plant diseases, including the transfer of resistance genes to crops by conventional breeding. However, resistance genes can only be introgressed from sexually-compatible species, so breeders need alternative measures to introduce resistance traits from more distant sources.

Recombinant-antibody-mediated resistance against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a geminivirus species whose members cause severe crop losses in the tropics and subtropics. We report the expression of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody that protected Nicotiana benthamiana plants from a prevalent Iranian isolate of the virus (TYLCV-Ir). Two recombinant antibodies (scFv-ScRep1 and scFv-ScRep2) interacting with the multifunctional replication initiator protein (Rep) were obtained from phage display libraries and expressed in plants, both as stand-alone proteins and as N-terminal GFP fusions.