Bioimpedance sensor to detect water content in milk based on van Der Pauw method.

Milk fraud poses serious problems for the dairy industry and consumers' health. The main aim of this study was to reveal the effect of water added to milk by measuring its electrical impedance spectrum. The required sensor was designed based on the van der Pauw method to measure the electrical conductivity of milk at the frequency band of 10 Hz to 5 MHz.

FeO magnetic nanoparticles improve the vitrification of mouse immature oocytes and modulate the pluripotent genes expression in derived pronuclear-stage embryos.

The vitrification of Germinal Vesicle (immature) oocytes is beneficial for preservation of fertility in cases involving reproductive problems. The use of nanoparticles (NP(s)) as vitrification aid is a novel approach towards improving vitrification efficiency. The efficacy of use of iron oxide (FeO) nanoparticles as vitrification aid is reported in this paper.