The Renal Histopathological Findings in Patients with Renal Allograft Dysfunction: A Retrospective Single Center Study.

Introduction: Despite many advances in the development of knowledge and application of new immunosuppressive medications over the past two decades, the improvement has only been seen in the short-term outcome of kidney transplantation while the long-term survival of kidney transplantation has not significantly improved. Allograft kidney biopsy may help to determine the causes of allograft dysfunction which may change the treatment strategy.

Methods: In this retrospective study, kidney transplant recipients who underwent kidney biopsy in Shariati hospital during the years 2004 to 2015, at least three months after the kidney transplantation, were included for evaluation.

Percutaneous biopsy of kidney; comparison between prone position and sitting position.

Introduction: Percutaneous kidney biopsy has been established as a safe, reliable and minimally invasive method. This study aims to describe the author's experience with biopsy of the kidney and to compare the results in sitting position versus prone in terms of the complication rate.

Materials And Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: prone and sitting position according to the clinician's and patient's preference.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk of Hypercalciuria in Stone Formers.

Introduction: Whether administrating of vitamin D supplements increases the risk of hypercalciuria is still unanswered. The aim of the present study was to determine whether use of vitamin D supplementation might increase the risk of hypercalciuria.

Methods And Materials: This interventional study was conducted on 30 who suffered from vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and also had a history of nephrolithiasis.

Association between low bone mass and the serum RANKL and OPG in patients with nephrolithiasis.

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a risk factor for Osteopenia and osteoporosis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) regulate bone remodeling and osteoclastogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between serum OPG, RANKL concentration, and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with kidney stone disease.

The establishment and validation of novel therapeutic targets to retard progression of chronic kidney disease.

The focus of this article is to define goals and resulting action plans that can be collectively embraced by interested stakeholders to facilitate new therapeutic approaches to mitigate chronic kidney disease progression. The specific goals include identifying druggable targets, increasing the capacity for preclinical and early clinical development, broadening the availability of new therapeutic approaches, and increasing investment in the development of new therapies to limit chronic kidney disease. Key deliverables include the establishment of new regional, national, and global consortia; development of clinical trial networks; and creation of programs to support the temporary mutual movement of scientists between academia and the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sector.

Action plan for determining and monitoring the prevalence of chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to remain high globally, up to 13.4% by one estimate. Although the number, geographic distribution, size, and quality of the studies examining CKD prevalence and incidence have increased over the past decade, the global capacity for CKD surveillance is still far less developed than that for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

The first experience of sequential liver-kidney transplantation for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type-1 in Iran as a developing country.

Primary hyperoxaluria Type-1 (PH-1) is caused by a deficiency of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase manifesting as urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Among treatment options, best outcomes have been achieved by sequential liver-kidney transplantation (Seq-LKT). Herein, we report a patient with PH-1 and ESRD who underwent Seq-LKT in Iran.

Impact of Kidney Transplantation on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Introduction: Hemodialysis patients face oxidative stress and inflammation induced by both kidney dysfunction and hemodialysis procedure. These are supposed to be partly responsible for the excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. We investigated the impact of kidney transplantation on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Association of Brain-dead Donor's Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin Levels With Kidney Allograft Function.

Introduction: Development of delayed graft function is more prevalent in patients receiving a kidney allograft from brain-dead than living donors. This study aimed to evaluate the association between urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in brain-dead donors and subsequent allograft function.

Materials And Methods: Urine NGAL concentration was measured in urine samples obtained from 24 brain-dead kidney allograft donors before organ retrieval.

Non-diabetic renal disease with or without diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: clinical predictors and outcome.

Background: Renal involvement in type 2 diabetes is mostly due to diabetic nephropathy (DN), but a subset of diabetic patients could present with pure non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) or NDRD superimposed on DN. We conducted a prospective cohort study to identify the underline renal pathology in type 2 diabetic patients with defined clinical criteria for renal biopsy.

Methods: A total of 46 patients (27 female, mean age of 48.

Prospective study of BK virus infection and nephropathy during the first year after kidney transplantation.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of BK virus infection, BK virus nephritis, and related risk factors among kidney transplant recipients.

Materials And Methods: BK viremia during the first year of kidney transplantation was assessed prospectively in 32 successive recipients. BK virus DNA was extracted and determined in all samples by real-time polymerase reaction assay for 1 year after kidney transplantation.

Adaptation and implementation of the "Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)" guidelines for evaluation and management of mineral and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease for practice in the Middle East countries.

This review presents the views of an expert group of nephrologists from the Middle East along with an international expert on adaptation and implementation of the 2009 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines for evaluation and manage-ment of mineral and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD) for practice in the Middle East countries. The members of the panel examined the KDIGO guidelines and formulated recommendations that can be implemented practically for the management of CKD-MBD in the Middle East. There was a broad agreement on most of the recommendations made by the KDIGO work-group.

The effect of treatment with N-acetylcysteine on the serum levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in patients on hemodialysis.

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to many factors including inflammation and oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a thiol-containing anti-oxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to assess the effect of three months treatment with oral NAC on the plasma levels of inflammatory mediators like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients on hemodialysis (HD).

Conversion to sirolimus in kidney transplant recipients: a single-center study.

Introduction: As an immunosuppressive treatment, cyclosporine carries a significant risk of nephrotoxicity. In this study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of sirolimus conversion in our kidney transplant recipients.

Materials And Methods: Sirolimus conversion in 99 kidney transplant recipients was evaluated.

Association of overtime urine volume and ultrafiltration changes with patient survival in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

Background: Associations between patient survival and baseline urine volume (UV), ultrafiltration (UF) volume, and combined UV and UF were evaluated in Iranian continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.

Methods: From 1995 to 2006, data on 1472 CAPD patients from 26 centers were collected. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics were analyzed using STATA software.

Chronic allograft dysfunction: major contributing factors.

Chronic, progressive, and irreversible loss of a transplanted kidney function, previously named chronic allograft nephropathy, is the leading cause of chronic allograft failure among kidney transplant recipients. Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) is a multifactorial process associated with progressive interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Current Data confirms that an additive series of time-dependent immunological factors such as acute and chronic antibody- and/or cell-mediated rejection and nonimmunological factors are involved in development of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy as the fundamental parts of CAD.

Distribution of albuminuria and low glomerular filtration rate in a rural area, Shahreza, Iran.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. A remarkable part of health budget is designated annually to control end-stage renal disease in most countries. The aim of this study was to screen for CKD among the general population of the rural area of Shahreza, in the central region of Iran.

Epidemiology of culture-negative peritonitis in Iranian patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Introduction: Culture-negative peritonitis is a major challenge in the treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This study aimed to evaluate the culture-negative peritonitis in patients from the Iranian CAPD Registry.

Materials And Methods: Data of 1472 patients from 26 CAPD centers were analysed.

Low prevalence of BK virus nephropathy on nonprotocol renal biopsies in Iranian kidney transplant recipients: one center's experience and review of the literature.

Objectives: BK virus-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients has been increasing in frequency in recent years. This rise is probably because of widespread use of highly potent immunosuppressive regimens, and increased immunosuppression load leads to inability of the recipients to increase a successful antiviral immune response. The incidence of BK virus-associated nephropathy in different reports is between 1% and 10%, with an allograft loss in significant numbers of patients, especially when timely diagnosis and treatment is not restored.