Development of a degree-day model to predict the growth of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae): implication for vector control management.

Anopheles stephensi is an efficient vector of malaria parasites in Iran. Despite its importance in malaria transmission, there is a scarcity of accurate predictive models of its rates of development at different temperatures. A laboratory colony of An.

Assessment of the Endoparasite Fauna amongst the Rodents in Kurdistan Province, West of Iran.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the rate of infection by endoparasites amongst rodents in the western regions of Iran to enhance the level of knowledge amongst health authorities in this entity.

Methods: This study was conducted in the west and southwest of Kurdistan Province, including the cities of Sanandaj, Marivan, and Sarvabad. The field mission of this work was performed in three seasons' spring, summer, and autumn.

Situation of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in the World Health Organization of Eastern Mediterranean region 1990-2020.

Malaria is the most important mosquito-borne disease, which is transmitted by Anopheles species. According to the recent report of World Health Organization, there were an estimated 229 million malaria cases in 2019 in 87 malaria endemic countries. There are several vector control method specially using pesticides.

Resistance Status of and to the Conventional Insecticides in Northeastern Caspian Littoral, Iran.

Background: Malaria resurgence has occurred in the northern half parts of Iran. The resurgence of malaria in the prone area could arise from various factors, e.g.

Bioefficacy of bendiocarb WP80 in vector-borne and zoonotic diseases areas in borderline of Iran and Pakistan.

Malaria and leishmaniasis are the public health problems in southern Iran. The main activity of vector control is indoor residual spraying using pyrethroids, using different insecticides as larviciding and impregnated bednets. The aim of study was to evaluate the biological assays of bendiocarb wettable powder (WP) at different surfaces of wall.

Comparative Testing of Susceptibility Levels of Phlebotomus sergenti, the Main Vector of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, to Conventional Insecticides Using Two Capture Methods in Kerman City, Southeastern Iran.

Background: Collecting live sand flies from indoor sites is a major challenge for researchers in large cities due to the reluctance of families to survey their homes. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of two methods for collecting sand flies for use in susceptibility tests in the urban area of Kerman, southeastern Iran.

Methods: Sandflies were mainly collected using both baited traps and hand catch methods from outdoor and indoor sites.

Efficiency of Two Capture Methods Providing Live Sand Flies and Assessment the Susceptibility Status of (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Foci of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Lorestan Province, Western Iran.

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of two capture methods for providing live sandflies used for determining the susceptibility level of , the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Lorestan Province, west of Iran.

Methods: The sand flies were collected from indoor and outdoor by hand-catch and baited traps during the peak of seasonal activity. The susceptibility level of sand flies was assessed using insecticide-impregnated papers against DDT 4%, bendiocarb 0.

Relationship between infection in and its resistance to insecticide.

Many studies have been done on the various factors affecting resistance to insecticides. The relationship between bacteria and resistance to insecticides is one of the factors that has attracted a lot of attentions. are obligatory intracellular endosymbionts that naturally occur in a wide range of arthropods and nematodes, including the mosquito .

Detection and characterization of Enterobacteriaceae family members carried by commensal Rattus norvegicus from Tehran, Iran.

Wild rats are known to carry different microorganisms and are considered a reservoir of zoonotic pathogens worldwide. The urban rats were collected from five districts of Tehran and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) were isolated from fecal samples and were identified using classical biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, the results of which were interpreted in line with CLSI guideline.

Assessment the Changing Trend of Susceptibility to Two Insecticides among Field-Population Compared with the Same Population Undergoing to Multiple Colonization.

Background: During the past decade, rapid development of insecticide resistance have been reported among many species of mosquito vectors against four main categories of insecticides worldwide. The aim of the research was to assess the variation trend of susceptibility levels of to two insecticides separately for the field population compared with subsequent generations of the same sample after multiple colonization.

Methods: Larvae and pupae of were collected from house sewages and reared to adult which blood-fed on roosters.

Mansonia uniformis (Diptera: Culicidae), a genus and species new to southwestern Asia, with a review of its medical and veterinary importance.

Seven genera and more than 98 species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are found in southwestern Asia (Harbach 1988). The most recent checklist of Iranian mosquitoes includes 69 species representing either seven or 11 genera depending on the classification used for aedines (Azari-Hamidian et al. 2019).

Comparative Performance of Different Traps for Collection of Phlebotominae Sand Flies and Estimation of Biodiversity Indices in Three Endemic Leishmaniasis Foci in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran.

Background: Phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the vectors of leishmaniasis. There are different methods for sand fly collection with different performance. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of different traps for collection of Phlebotominae sand flies in three endemic leishmaniasis foci in North Khorasan Province, northeast of Iran.

Bio-efficacy of ultrasound exposure against immature stages of common house mosquitoes under laboratory conditions.

In southern Iran with a tropical climate, the above and underground cisterns of drinking water are the main habitats for immature stages of mosquitoes. The local people do not agree with using calcium hypochlorite granules in the water cisterns due to the change of water taste. Following the increased worldwide interest in using ultrasound technology for water disinfection, this study was conducted to assess the possible dual effects of ultrasound waves against immature mosquitoes.

Epidemiological survey on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in southwestern Iran.

Background & Objectives: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is still a public health threat in many rural areas of Iran. It causes considerable morbidity among a huge number of people in the endemic areas. Khuzestan is considered as a CL focus in Iran and recently several cases have been reported from Shush County.

Wild Rodents and Their Ectoparasites in an Enzootic Plague Focus, Western Iran.

Entomological surveys of ectoparasites and their hosts are an essential tool for assessing the risks of rodent-borne diseases transmitted to humans by arthropod vectors. This study was carried out to update the epidemiological data of plague with respect to species compositions of the rodents and their ectoparasites at enzootic foci located in Kurdistan Province, Iran. The rodents' habitats were selected based on past records of plague and subclimates in each study district with especial attention to the vegetation type.

Resistant status of complex species to different imagicides in Tehran, Iran.

Background & Objectives: Insecticides are the most important means of controlling pests in Iran especially for Culex pipiens complex species. The rational use of insecticides largely depends on understanding the susceptibility levels of these species. The study was designed to determine the susceptibility levels of Cx.

Prone Regions of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southwest of Iran: Combination of Hierarchical Decision Model (AHP) and GIS.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to is an important public health problem in the world. Khuzestan Province is one of the main foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the southwest of Iran. We aimed to predict the spatial distribution of the vector and reservoir(s) of ZCL using decision-making tool and to prepare risk map of the disease using integrative GIS, RS and AHP methods in endemic foci in Shush (plain area) and Khorramshahr (coastal area) counties of Khuzestan Province, southern Iran from Mar 2012 to Jan 2013.

Status of Resistant and Knockdown of West Nile Vector Complex to Different Pesticides in Iran.

Background: West Nile virus (WNV) can cause a fatal disease in humans and it is mainly transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Vector control using insecticides is a very important goal. Study of resistance towards several insecticides in the city of Tehran, Iran was evaluated.

Using Ecological Niche Modeling to Predict the Spatial Distribution of s.l. and (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Iran.

Background: Mosquitoes are very important vectors of diseases to human. We aimed to establish the first spatial database on the mosquitoes of Isfahan Province, central Iran, and to predict the geographical distribution of species with medical importance.

Methods: Mosquito larvae were collected from eight counties of Isfahan Province during 2014.

Comparison of CDC Bottle Bioassay with WHO Standard Method for Assessment Susceptibility Level of Malaria Vector, to Three Imagicides.

Background: The detection of insecticide resistance in natural populations of vectors is absolutely necessary for malaria control. CDC bottle bioassay as a new tools has been employed for detecting the insecticide resistance. For a limit number of mosquito vectors, diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for some insecticides have already been determined using this new assay.

Target Site Insensitivity Detection in Deltamethrin Resistant Complex in Iran.

Background: Some mosquito species which belong to the complex are primary vectors for West Nile virus, Sindbis, , and many arboviruses. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene of that is inherited, is one of the important threats for the efficacy of pyrethroids insecticides. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation, L1014F, is a well-defined mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT in many insect species.

Identification of Forensically Important Flesh Flies Using the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunits I and II Genes.

Forensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) often are not morphologically distinguishable, especially at the immature stage. In addition, female flies are quite similar in general morphology, making accurate identifications difficult. DNA-based technologies, particularly mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have been used for species-level identification.

Repellency effect of flumethrin pour-on formulation against vectors of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever.

Background: Ticks are able to transmit important diseases to humans, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Q fever, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, summer Russian encephalitis, and relapsing fever.

Aims: To determine the repellency effect of 1% flumethrin pour-on formulation against hard ticks.

Methods: The concentration of flumethrin pour-on formulation was 1 mg/10 kg body weight and was administered on the dorsal midline from the head to the base of the tail.

Experimental Study on Plasmodium berghei, Anopheles Stephensi, and BALB/c Mouse System: Implications for Malaria Transmission Blocking Assays.

Background: is a rodent malaria parasite and has been very valuable means in the progress of our understanding of the essential molecular and cellular biology of the malaria parasites. Availability of hosts such as mice and vectors such as has made this parasite a suitable system to study the parasite-host and vector-parasite relationships.

Methods: This study was performed at Medical Entomology and Parasitology laboratories of the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2016.

Strong insecticidal potential of methanol extract of Ferulago trifida fruits against Anopheles stephensi as malaria vector.

Many researchers have focused on controlling pest insects and vectors by natural products because of their low environmental pollution. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and larvicidal activities of chloroform and methanol extracts of the leaves, fruits, roots, and isolated coumarin compounds (prantschimgin, oxypeucedanin, and 6-hydroxymethylherniarin) of Ferulago trifida from the Apiaceae family against Anopheles stephensi as one of the main malaria vectors. For insecticidal evaluation, A.