Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus and Non-polio Enteroviruses in Iran, 2017-2023: First Report of Imported Wild Poliovirus Type 1 Since 2000.

In Iran, which is at high risk of the Wild Poliovirus (WPV) and Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (VDPV) importation due to its neighborhood with two polio endemic countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan, Environmental Surveillance (ES) was established in November 2017. Sistan-Balouchestan province was chosen for the ES due to its vicinity with Pakistan and Afghanistan. Five sewage collection sites in 4 cities (Zahedan, Zabol, Chabahar and Konarak) were selected in the high-risk areas.

Psychometric Characteristics of the Persian Version of the Opiate Dosage Adequacy Scale (ODAS).

Introduction: The opiate dosage adequacy scale (ODAS) is one of the most common assessment tools in studies on substance use disorders, which evaluates the "adequacy" of opiate medication doses in individuals recruited in maintenance approaches. There is no investigation on the Persian version of this questionnaire in Iran. This research validated a Persian version of the ODAS.

Investigation of optical and electrical properties of novel 4T all perovskite tandem solar cell.

In this paper, a combined three-dimensional (3D) optical-electrical simulation of non-pb and flexible four-terminal (4T) all perovskite tandem solar cell (APTSC) is presented. In this structure, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used as substrates, while the top sub cell has a [Formula: see text] absorber layer and the bottom sub cell has a [Formula: see text] absorber layer. This structure is used as a reference in this paper and the optical and electrical properties of it are investigated using the finite element method (FEM).

Simulation of reconfigurable double-input optical gates based on a microring flower-like structure, part II. Combinational logic gates.

A microring flower-like architecture is introduced to obtain optical logic gates that can be reconfigured. The proposed design can operate as a time-division multiplexer, a half adder/subtractor, and an optical single bit comparator circuit. The optical pump pulses modulate the microring resonators in this arrangement.

Simulation of reconfigurable double-input optical gates based on a microring flower-like structure. part I. basic gates.

In this paper, a simulation and general analysis of nonlinear microring resonators (MRRs) as all-optical switches are discussed in a flower-like structure. These MRRs are modulated through an optical pump beam, which receives temporal shift of MRRs' resonance wavelengths. These shifts are a result of the refractive index changing due to carrier injection.

Effect of multiple pouring on the accuracy of casts made using 3D-printed custom trays with different spacer thicknesses: A research study.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different pouring times and spacer thicknesses on the three-dimensional accuracy of casts made of 3D-printed custom trays. A partial edentulous maxillary model was scanned for fabricating custom acrylic trays. Twenty custom trays were created using a CAD/CAM system and divided into two groups in terms of their spacer thicknesses (2 mm and 4 mm).

Picosecond and femtosecond asymmetric switching using a semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

In this paper, we numerically analyze nonlinear asymmetric switching using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) phase-shifter-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The self-phase modulation (SPM) effect and nonlinear phase shift in each MZI arm are investigated for different input pulse intensities and linear gains in both picosecond and femtosecond regimes. The input light signal is split unequally over the two arms, where SOAs are placed and act as nonlinear phase shifters in each arm.

Quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier: role of second excited state on ultrahigh bit-rate signal processing.

In this paper, a theoretical model for a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QDSOA) is proposed. The dynamics of carriers in ground, excited, and continuum states and wetting layer are considered in this model. The effects of the second excited state (ES2) inclusion are investigated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in the proposed QDSOA model.

Outpatient Transurethral Cystolithotripsy of Large Bladder Stones by Holmium Laser.

Introduction: To assessment of the efficacy and safety of transurethral cystolithotripsy of large bladder stones by holmium laser in the outpatient setting.

Methods: In a prospective study, 48 consecutive adult patients with large bladder stones, were enrolled for transurethral cystolithotripsy. Patients older than 18 years, with bladder stones larger than 2 cm were enrolled.

Flexible Ureterorenoscopy Versus Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for the Treatment of Renal Pelvis Stones of 10-20 mm in Obese Patients.

Introduction: To compare outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as treatment of choice.

Methods: A total number of 46 patients with renal pelvic stones 10-20 mm and body mass index (BMI) >30 randomized in two groups underwent RIRS and ESWL from 2011 to 2014 and followed for 3 months.

Results: The patients mean ± SD age was 36.

Association of anthropometric indices with cardiovascular disease risk factors among children and adolescents: CASPIAN Study.

Background: For the first time in Iran, and to the best of our knowledge in Asia, we assessed the anthropometric indices most closely correlated to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a large nationally representative sample of children and adolescents to be used as a simple tool for identifying those at risk.

Methods: This multi-center study was performed among a representative sample of 4811 school students (2248 boys and 2563 girls) aged 6-18 years, as part of the baseline survey of a national surveillance system. Anthropometric indices and CVD risk factors were measured using standard protocols, and their correlation was analyzed by using Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves and partial correlation.