The nexus between sleep disturbances and mental health outcomes in military staff: a systematic review.

Objectives: Military personnel are unique occupational groups who happen to frequently experience sleep insuffciencies. Since sleep disorders are known to be linked to many psychiatric symptoms, sleep disturbance is a salient concern among active duty service members and veterans. Existing evidence indicates that although sleep disturbances co-occur with mental illnesses, there is a tendency to particularly label them as consequences of certain mental health issues.

Insomnia and post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis on interrelated association (n = 57,618) and prevalence (n = 573,665).

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental disorder, which is strongly associated with insomnia, yet their epidemiological overlap is poorly understood. To determine the convergent quantitative magnitude of their relationship, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubPsych, and PsycINFO were searched to identify studies that either reported the correlation or frequency of insomnia symptoms in PTSD and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), or both. Out of 3714 records, 75 studies met selection criteria and aggregate effect size (ES) estimates were generated for the correlations (K=44, comprising 57,618 subjects) and frequencies (K=33, comprising 573,665 subjects with PTSD/PTSS) of insomnia symptoms in PTSD/PTSS.

IgLON5 autoimmunity tested positive in patients with isolated chronic insomnia disease.

In the patients with neurological autoimmune diseases such as anti-IgLON5 disease, insomnia symptoms are very common. Clinical diagnosis of the anti-IgLON5 disease is usually made when neurodegenerative processes have occurred. To find the early signs of anti-IgLON5 disease, we evaluate the presence of IgLON5 autoantibodies in the serum of patients with chronic insomnia disease.

Increased incidence of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in an educational therapeutic hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in western Iran: An observational study.

Background: COVID-19 patients, especially the patients requiring hospitalisation, have a high risk of several complications such as opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections. Mucormycosis is a rare and opportunistic fungal infection that mainly affects diabetic and immunocompromised patients. An increase has been observed in the number of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19 admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, since October 2020.

Serum testosterone/cortisol ratio in people with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major health problem that has been associated with endocrine dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes. This study investigated cortisol, testosterone, and the testosterone/cortisol ratio in patients with OSA compared to normal sleepers.

Methods: Thirty-nine OSA patients diagnosed by overnight polysomnography (PSG) were divided into three groups, including ten mild OSA patients, 16 patients with moderate OSA, and 13 patients with severe OSA according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).

Circadian melatonin profile in opium and amphetamine dependent patients: A preliminary study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between opium and amphetamine dependency with the serum melatonin levels in the presence of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD).

Participants: Forty four male amphetamine-dependent and opium-dependent patients with CRSD and with more than one year substance dependency were enrolled in this study. Control group consisted of twelve healthy male subjects.

Objective assessment of obstructive sleep apnea in normal pregnant and preeclamptic women.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between OSA and preeclampsia.

Methods: Between 30 and 39 weeks gestation, objective sleep apnea were evaluated in 38 normal pregnant and 40 preeclamptic women.

Risk Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Background: Presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a negative effect on the resolution of incontinence; however, there are few studies which investigated the risk factors of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in patients with ADHD.

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of NE and its risk factors in children with ADHD.

Methods: 331 children, aged 6 to 10 years, diagnosed as having ADHD were enrolled in this study.

Trazodone for the treatment of insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of trazodone compared with placebo in patients with insomnia.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched and relevant reports were hand-screened to identify eligible trials. Only randomized placebo-controlled trials were included.

Both melatonin and meloxicam improved sleep and pain in females with primary dysmenorrhea-results from a double-blind cross-over intervention pilot study.

Up to 25% of ovulating women suffer from primary dysmenorrhea, a condition associated with pain and transient-reduced quality of life, along with greater irritability and impaired sleep. In the present study, we asked whether and if so to what extent melatonin and meloxicam can improve subjective and objective sleep and reduce pain among women with primary dysmenorrhea (PD). To this end, we conducted a double-blind cross-over clinical trial lasting for three menstrual cycles.

A weight-independent association between atypical antipsychotic medications and obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: With increasing use of atypical antipsychotic (AAP) agents, the concern has been raised about the association between AAP agents and medical complications. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common breathing disorder that adversely affects health and quality of life. Because the major risk factors for OSA are weight gain and obesity by altering the upper airway anatomy, an association between AAP and development of OSA is predictable.

Sleep Quality in University Students with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.

Background: Up to 8% of women in their reproductive years are affected by Premenstral Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). Sleep disturbances such as insomnia or hypersomnia are one of the DSM-IV-TR's defining criteria for the diagnosis of PMDD and are found in about 70% of women with the disorder. However, studies are lacking that specifically address the effects of PMDD on quality of sleep.

Sleep Disorders in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Volunteers and Opium-dependent Patients.

Background: The relationship between substance use and sleep is bidirectional. Substance use directly causessleep disturbances, and sleep problems are a critical factor in substance-use relapse.

Methods: This study evaluated sleep disorders in 65 methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients, and61 opium-dependent patients who did not receive any treatment between September 2011 and July 2012 inKermanshah, Iran.

Prazosin for Trauma Nightmares and Sleep Disturbances in Combat Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Background: Prazosin is significantly effective to reduce sleep disturbance and trauma nightmare in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, results of different studies were evaluated.

Objectives: The current randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effects of prazosin on sleep parameters and nightmares among veterans with chronic PTSD.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two veterans with chronic war-induced PTSD and distressing nightmares were randomized into prazosin and placebo groups for eight weeks.

Evaluation of Berlin Questionnaire Validity for Sleep Apnea Risk in Sleep Clinic Populations.

Introduction: The Berlin questionnaire (BQ) is a common tool to screen for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in the general population, but its application in the clinical sleep setting is still challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the BQ compared to the apnea-hypopnea index obtained from polysomnography recordings obtained from a sleep clinic in Iran.

Methods: We recruited 100 patients who were referred to the Sleep Disorders Research Center of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences for the evaluation of suspected sleep-disorder breathing difficulties.

Sleep disturbances in veterans with chronic war-induced PTSD.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is related to a wide range of medical problems, with a majority of neurological, psychological, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, as well as sleep disorders. Although the majority of studies reveal the association between PTSD and sleep disturbances, there are few studies on the assessment of sleep disruption among veterans with PTSD. In this review, we attempt to study the sleep disorders including insomnia, nightmare, sleep-related breathing disorders, sleep-related movement disorders and parasomnias among veterans with chronic war-induced PTSD.

Gabapentin versus levodopa-c for the treatment of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial.

To compare the efficacy of gabapentin and levodopa-c (Levodopa/Carbidopa) in reducing restless leg syndrome (RLS) symptoms and sleep problems in hemodialysis patients with RLS in a four-week randomized clinical trial. The diagnosis of RLS was made using the criteria of the International Restless Legs Study Group. Each subject completed three questionnaires: IRLS questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth sleepiness scale.