Occlusion therapy for amblyopia, a historical report from 9th century Persian scholar, Ali ibn Sahl ibn Rabban al-Tabari (838-870 CE).

Introduction: This study reevaluates the historical origins of occlusion therapy for amblyopia, focusing on the contributions of the 9th-century Islamic scholar, Ali ibn Sahl ibn Rabban al-Tabari (838-870 CE).

Methods: The investigation delved into al-Tabari's writings, particularly "Firdous al-Hikma," to extract insights into his approach to addressing reduced vision in one eye.Additionally, the study examined subsequent advancements in occlusion therapy by scholars such as Thabit ibn Qurrah and Rhazes, building upon al-Tabari'sfoundational work.

Recent advancements in nanomaterial-laden contact lenses for diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, review and update.

Despite the existence of numerous eye drops in the market, most of them are not sufficiently effective because of quick clearance and the barriers within the eye. To increase the delivery of the drugs to the eye, various new formulations have been explored in recent decades. These formulations aim to enhance drug retention and penetration, while enabling sustained drug release over extended periods.

The Prevalence and Causes of Low Vision and Visual Impairment in School-Aged Children: The Shiraz Pediatric Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment (VI) in Shiraz schoolchildren aged between 6 and 12 years.

Methods: In the present population-based study, stratified random sampling was used to select 2400 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years from all four educational districts of Shiraz, Iran. Using the definitions of the World Health Organization, VI was defined as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤0.

Crocin as a vision supplement.

Crocin is a natural ingredient of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) flower that has shown potential for application as a supplement in eye health and preserving vision. Crocin has been examined for its potential to treat various eye diseases such as glaucoma, macular dystrophies, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration.

The prevalence of refractive error in schoolchildren.

Clinical Relevance: Information on the refractive error prevalence in school-aged children will result in delivering the optimal eye health service to this group.

Background: Understanding the prevalence of refractive error in school-aged children is crucial to reduce the consequences of uncorrected refractive error. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of refractive error among school-aged children in Shiraz, Iran.

The Role of Trace Elements in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study.

Purpose: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is an age-related condition, characterized by deposition of whitish flake-shaped materials in the anterior segment of the eye. Although it occurs all over the world, a considerable racial variation exists. According to the high frequency of PXF in Iran and the importance of prevention and early treatment, we evaluated the plasma level of iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium in patients with PXF.

Effects of the secretome of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells on the proliferation and apoptosis gene expression of the retinal pigmented epithelium.

Human retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) can undergo an uncontrolled proliferation in some disorders such as retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the conditioned medium secreted by human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs-CM) on the proliferation and apoptosis gene expression of the RPE. WJMSCs-CM was collected from WJMSCs after two periods of 24-h and 9-h culture in serum-free medium.

Effects of chronic methamphetamine abuse on the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and Bruch's membrane opening minimum rim width.

Background: Methamphetamine (Meth) is a highly addictive and hallucinogenic agent which is used as the second most common illicit drug globally. Meth could affect the retina and optic nerve by inducing the release of vasoconstrictive agents such as endothelin 1 and induction of severe oxidative stress with accumulation of reactive oxygen species.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of chronic Meth abuse on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the Bruch's membrane opening minimum rim width (MRW).

Distribution of intraocular pressure in healthy Iranian children: the Shiraz Pediatric Eye Study.

Purpose: To describe the mean and normal range of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its associations in healthy Iranian school children using the noncontact tonometer.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study as part of the Shiraz Pediatric Eye Study, a stratified random sampling was performed among elementary school children of Shiraz, Iran. Basic demographics and socioeconomic status of households, past medical history, drug history, and eye health history were collected for each eligible student.

Supramaximal Recession and Resection Surgery in Large-Angle Strabismus: Outcomes of Large Interventional Case Series Exotropia and Esotropia.

Purpose: To assess the postoperative surgical outcomes and the changes in deviation in patients treated by supramaximal recession and resection (R&R) of rectus muscles to correct the large-angle exotropia and esotropia.

Methods: This study was a prospective interventional case series, and patients with esotropia of ≥65 prism diopter (PD) or exotropia of ≥60 PD who had undergone supermaximal R&R in non-fixating eye with lower vision in unilateral strabismus or bilateral medial rectus (BMR) recession up to 8.5 mm for esotropia and bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) recession up to 12.

Oral fluoxetine in the management of amblyopic patients aged between 10 and 40 years old: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of oral fluoxetine therapy in improving the visual function of amblyopic patients aged between 10 and 40 years old.

Methods: In this double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial (IRCT2016052428046N1; registered retrospectively), 40 eligible participants with anisometropic or mixed amblyopia were randomly assigned to either fluoxetine or placebo groups. Participants with anisometropia and logMAR best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) worse than 0.

The Shiraz Pediatric Eye Study; a Population Based Survey of School Age Children: Rationale, Design and Baseline Characteristics.

Purpose: To describe the rationale, study design, methodology, and baseline characteristics of the Shiraz Pediatric Eye Study, a population-based survey of schoolchildren in Shiraz, Iran.

Methods: This population-based study included schoolchildren aged 6-12 years from all four educational districts of Shiraz who were recruited in years 2015-2016. Stratified random sampling was used to select 2400 participants from all districts.

Expression of Inflammatory-Related NFκB Genes in Iranian Patients with Pterygium: A Case-Control Study.

Pterygium is one of the most common eye conditions without any clear etiology. Some studies have suggested an association between sun exposure and pterygium, but others have proposed the role of genetic variations in its pathogenesis. To date, no study has investigated the association of inflammatory transcription factor, genes with pterygium in the Middle East.

The effects of microwave radiation on rabbit's retina.

Purpose: Mobile cell phones are used extensively these days, and their microwave (MW) radiation has been shown to affect the eye. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of MW radiation on rabbit retina.

Methods: This experimental study (concluded in 2015) was conducted on 40 adult white New Zealand rabbits.

The Effect of Sub-Tenon's Bupivacaine on Oculocardiac Reflex during Strabismus Surgery and Postoperative Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Oculocardiac reflex (OCR), defined as bradycardia induced by manipulation of extraocular muscles, is a serious complication during strabismus surgery for which prevention and proper management is required. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of sub-Tenon injection of bupivacaine for prevention of OCR and postoperative pain.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.

Effect of Intraperitoneal Injection of Saffron on the Treatment of Experimental Endotoxin Induced Uveitis in the Rabbit.

Introduction: Saffron with scientific name of "" from the family "Iridaceae" is a plant without stem and root. Antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects of saffron has been demonstrated in different studies.

Aim: To assess the effects of saffron in the treatment on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced uveitis in the rabbit.

Correlation Between Intraocular Pressure and Central Corneal Thickness in Persian Children.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in healthy Persian children to find clinical reference values in this ethnicity. Additionally, we examined the possible relationship between these measurements.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 262 eyes of 131 Persian primary school children between 6 and 13 years of age.

Comparison of the Wave Amplitude of Visually Evoked Potential in Amblyopic Eyes between Patients with Esotropia and Anisometropia and a Normal Group.

Background: We compared the wave amplitude of visually evoked potential (VEP) between patients with esotropic and anisometropic amblyopic eyes and a normal group.

Methods: The wave amplitude of VEP was documented in 2 groups of persons with amblyopia (15 with esotropia and 28 with anisometropia) and 1 group of individuals with normal visual acuity (n, 15). The amplitude of P100 was recorded monocularly with different spatial frequencies.

Botulinum Toxin Injection for Treatment of Acute Traumatic Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of botulinum toxin injection into the inferior oblique (IO) muscle for management of unilateral acute traumatic superior oblique (SO) palsy.

Methods: In this prospective case series, 10-20 units of botulinum toxin A (Dysport, Ipsen, Biopharm Ltd., Wrexham, UK) was injected into the ipsilateral IO muscle of 13 consecutive patients with unilateral acute traumatic SO palsy.

Monocular elevation deficiency: a case series of surgical outcome.

Background: Inferior rectus recession, Knapp procedure, partial tendon transposition, and combined procedure are different surgical procedures in the management of monocular elevation deficiency (MED). Only a few studies have been published on the management of this problem. In this study, we report our experience with patients with MED focusing on the indications and types of surgery in the south of Iran.

Superior oblique tendon expansion with Achilles tendon allograft for treating Brown syndrome.

Purpose: To report the results of treatment of Brown syndrome using Achilles tendon allograft as a superior oblique tendon expander.

Methods: Achilles tendon allografts were prepared from the tissue bank. Five eyes of 3 patients with congenital Brown syndrome (mean age, 6 years) were enrolled in the study.

Super oblique tendon elongation with fascia lata.

Purpose: Superior oblique lengthening with a silicone retinal band is used to treat superior oblique overaction (SOOA); however, secondary infection, implant extrusion, orbital cellulitis, and adhesion may occur. We present a method of superior oblique tendon elongation in which autogenous fascia lata is used to decrease the likelihood of these complications.

Methods: Six patients (5 female, 1 male) aged 7-22 years (mean, 17 years) with 40-85(Delta) exotropia and SOOA (range, +2 to +4; mean, +3.

The role of Botulinum toxin in management of acute traumatic third-nerve palsy.

Purpose: To study the effect of botulinum toxin A injection in the management of paralytic exotropia resulting from acute traumatic third (oculomotor) nerve palsy.

Methods: Nine patients with acute traumatic partial third-nerve palsy of less than 2 months' duration were treated by injection of botulinum toxin A into the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle. The horizontal deviation angles before and after the injections were recorded.

Analgesia for retrobulbar block--comparison of remifentanil, alfentanil and fentanyl.

Background: The injection of retrobulbar block is associated with significant pain and discomfort. Therefore a short-acting IV analgesic before retrobulbar injection has been advocated.

Objective: To compare remifentanil, alfentanil and fentanyl in providing analgesia for retrobulbar block injection.