Carotid intima-media thickness and risk of atherosclerosis in multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested a potential association between MS and an increased risk of atherosclerosis, a systemic vascular disease involving arterial wall thickening. Understanding this relationship is crucial, given the heightened cardiovascular risk observed in MS patients.

Adalimumab-induced CNS demyelination in a patient with multiple pre-existing autoimmune diseases: Treatment contemplation.

Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents like adalimumab are safe and effective for rheumatologic disorders, but they have been reported to cause demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. A 47-year-old woman with weakness in the left hand was evaluated. She had a previous medical history of intermediate uveitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

An assessment on the use of infra-scanner for the diagnosis of the brain hematoma in head trauma.

Purpose: Timely identification and treatment of intracranial hematomas in patients with brain injury is essential for successful treatment. This study evaluates Infra-scanner as a handy medical screening tool for diagnosing, on-site, cerebral hematomas in patients with head injury.

Materials And Methods: Patients referred to the emergency department of university hospitals with mild to moderate brain trauma, up to 12 h from injury were included.

Carotid intima-media thickness measurements in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the mean carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients with MS were enrolled. Carotid intima-media thickness was measured by Doppler Ultrasonography.

Rituximab and risk of COVID-19 infection and its severity in patients with MS and NMOSD.

Background: Choosing a safe disease modifying therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging. This case series study was conducted to determine the incidence rate and the course of Covid-19 infection in MS/NMOSD patients treated with Rituximab.

Methods: In this study, we designed a web-based questionnaire.

Rivaroxaban for the treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis.

Background: New Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) such as Rivaroxaban are introduced as alternatives to conventional vitamin-K antagonists in the long-term treatment of thrombotic events due to their lower bleeding risk. There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness and safety of Rivaroxaban in Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). This study aims to assess the effectiveness and bleeding risk of Rivaroxaban in comparison with Warfarin for the treatment of CVT.

Transbulbar B-mode sonography in multiple sclerosis without optic neuritis; clinical relevance.

Objective: Trans bulbar B-mode sonography (TBS) is a recently proposed method but there is little known about its diagnostic accuracy in patients with multiple sclerosis without acute optic neuritis. Therefore we assessed the correlation between OND, ONSD and OND/ONSD ratio with clinical/para clinical parameters.

Methods: In a comparative study, we intended to examine possible differences in optic nerve diameter (OND) and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) between 60 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 60 individuals as matched healthy controls.

Intravenous Immunoglobin Utilization Study in a Teaching Hospital.

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an immunomodulating agent that has several actions. The aim of this study was to investigate the indications of IVIG according to available evidence and the cost in our center.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between September 2017 and June 2018 at a teaching hospital affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

A Mitochondrial Disorder in a Middle Age Iranian Patient: Report of a Rare Case.

Introduction: Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) can involve multiple systems and cause stroke-like episodes and status epilepticus.

Case Presentation: A 48-year-old female with history of early fatigability, migraine-type headaches, and bilateral sensory-neural hearing loss presented 3 episodes of serial seizures. On admission she was affected by Wernicke aphasia and, then, right hemiparesis.

Prevalence and associated comorbidities of restless legs syndrome (RLS): Data from a large population-based door-to-door survey on 19176 adults in Tehran, Iran.

Background: Discrepancies have been reported in the prevalence rate of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among different ethnic groups and geographic populations. Furthermore, there are disagreements on determinant factors and associated comorbidities of RLS. We aimed to estimate prevalence of RLS and investigate its associated comorbid conditions and risk factors in a large population-based door-to-door survey.

Repeated sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation evaluation on fatigue and daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson is a common and disabling disease that affects patient's and career's quality of life. Unfortunately, medications, such as dopaminergic and sedative-hypnotic drugs, as an effective treatment have unwilling side effects. Recently, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in conjunction with medication becomes popular as a complementary safe treatment and several studies have proved its effectiveness on controlling motor and specially non-motor aspects of Parkinson's disease.

Developing the Persian version of the homophone meaning generation test.

Background: Finding the right word is a necessity in communication, and its evaluation has always been a challenging clinical issue, suggesting the need for valid and reliable measurements. The Homophone Meaning Generation Test (HMGT) can measure the ability to switch between verbal concepts, which is required in word retrieval. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Persian version of the HMGT.

Increased Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Interferon-β and Its Impact on Functional Abilities.

Objectives: To investigate the potential role of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) used to treat multiple sclerosis on inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production.

Methods: A total of 82 patients entered the study. Sixty (73%) patients were on DMTs (15 on Avonex, 13 on Rebif, 27 on Betaferon, 3 on Mitoxantrone, and 2 on IVIg), whereas 22 received no DMTs.

X-ray radiation and the risk of multiple sclerosis: Do the site and dose of exposure matter?

Background: The sporadic cases of radiation-activated multiple sclerosis (MS) has been previously described, with a few studies focused on the relationship between radiation and the risk of MS. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between history of X-ray radiation and MS.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 150 individuals including 65 MS patients and 85 age- and sex-matched healthy controls enrolled using non-probability convenient sampling.

Unusual recovery of aphasia in a polyglot Iranian patient after ischemic stroke.

Introduction: Aphasia is a language disorder resulting from a lesion in the cerebral cortex. In this case report, we present a polyglot patient who recovered from aphasia by speaking his newly active learned language.

Case Report: A 69 years old male referred with acute onset right hemiparesis and global aphasia.

Safety and feasibility of intravenous thrombolytic therapy in Iranian patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Background: Thrombolytic therapy is the only approved treatment for acute cerebral ischemia. The hemorrhagictransformation is the greatest complication of this treatment, which may occur after recanalization of occludedartery. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with clinical improvement and worseningin patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a paraneoplastic manifestation in the neuroendocrine tumor of stomach: a case report.

Motor neuron diseases have been reported as a rare paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) of a systemic neoplasm. We present a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in association with neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of stomach, which is the first case of motor neuronopathy with underlying neuroendocrine tumor. A 79-year old woman presented with a two months history of progressive dysphagia, spastic dysarthria and marked fasciculation in her atrophic tongue.

Retrosternal mass: An interesting allergic reaction to intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke.

Stroke is an important cause of disability and death worldwide, with the majority of strokes occurring in older people. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA) is the approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke. A major concern of physicians, who treat acute ischemic stroke with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA,) is the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: an open label study.

Despite updating knowledge and a growing number of medications for multiple sclerosis (MS), no definite treatment is available yet for patients suffering from progressive forms of the disease. Autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation is a promising method proposed as a therapy for MS. Although the safety of these cells has been confirmed in hematological, cardiac and inflammatory diseases, its efficacy in MS treatment is still under study.

The effect of interferon-beta1a on relapses and progression of disability in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: In 85% of young adults with multiple sclerosis (MS), onset is a subacute clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) of the optic nerves, brain stem or spinal cord. The advent of disease-modifying treatments for MS has increased attention on early stages of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interferon on relapses and progression of disability in patients with a CIS.