Complications of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine as an early warning sign of inborn errors of immunity: a report of 197 patients.

Background: According to the WHO's recommendation for developing countries, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been implemented in some countries as part of national vaccination programs at birth. Although it is generally considered safe, some complications may occur; including BCGitis (local) or BCGosis (systemic), ranging from mild like local abscesses to fatal impediments like osteomyelitis and disseminated BCG infection. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in BCG-vaccinated neonates experiencing local or systemic complications.

Effect of Air Pollutants and Environmental Noise on the Childhood Asthma Prevalence in Tehran, Iran.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of air pollutants and noise on the prevalence of childhood asthma in Tehran, Iran. The standardized questionnaire was completed by one of the parents of children aged 6-7 years or by adolescents aged 13-14 years. The asthma prevalence in ages 6-7 and 13-14 was found to be 8.

Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency in Two Unrelated Patients with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Eosinophilia: Two Novel Mutations.

Two Iranian patients with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency are described in terms of their clinical and molecular evaluations. PNP deficiency is a rare form of combined immunodeficiency with a profound cellular defect. Patients with PNP deficiency suffer from variable recurrent infections, hypouricemia, and neurological manifestations.

Antibody Production after COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity.

Background: Few studies have evaluated COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI).

Objective: To evaluate the levels of antibody (Ab) production and function after COVID-19 vaccination in IEI patients with phagocytic, complement, and Ab deficiencies and their comparison with healthy controls.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from 41 patients and 32 healthy controls at least one month after the second dose of vaccination, while clinical evaluations continued until the end of the third dose.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy by recombinant Der P1 allergen-derived peptide-based vaccine in an allergic mouse model.

Aim: Increased IgE levels have made house dust mite allergens one of the most frequent causes of allergies worldwide. Treatment reduces the IgE antibodies and types two cytokines, namely interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13. Although existing treatments significantly reduce IgE or IL-4/IL-13, they are very costly.

The Risk of the Next Child Getting Affected by Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Families with at Least One Autosomal Recessive CGD Child.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder more common in autosomal recessive (AR) than X-linked in Iran. This study aimed to assess whether having a child with AR-CGD would increase the likelihood of the next child being affected by CGD. Ninety-one families with at least one child affected by AR-CGD entered this study.

A Comprehensive Overview of Allergen-specific Immunotherapy Types, Recombinant and Natural Extract Allergens in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergies.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) involves administering allergen extracts. It is used to desensitize allergic patients. Herbal allergen extracts that are optimum in efficacy and fewest in side effects are still challenging to produce.

Confirmation of Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome in Two Patients with an Ocular Problem: Detection of Two New DOCK8 Mutations.

Early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies is crucial for timely treatment and preventing unwanted complications. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and detailed clinical and immunological evaluation can help early detect such disorders. This study aimed to confirm the diagnosis of two cases of autosomal recessive hyper-immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndrome (AR-HIES), presenting with irreversible eye involvement.

Exposure to road noise and asthma prevalence in adults.

Noise has been reported as one of the most important risk factors for asthma, but there are some disagreements. This study aimed to investigate the effect of road noise on asthma prevalence in adults. In the current study, 3172 adults were interviewed through the ECRHS standardized questionnaire in Tehran, the capital of Iran.

Investigating the Variation of TREC/KREC in Combined Immunodeficiencies.

T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC)/Kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC) assay has been recently recognized for detecting patients with primary (T- and/or B-cell) immunodeficiency (PID). We aimed to investigate the alterations of these biomarkers in some combined immunodeficiency patients compared to the healthy controls in different age groups. TREC and KREC were assessed in a total of 82 PID patients, most of them with exact genetic diagnosis (3 months to 42 years); using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

The Impact of Motivational Interview on Self-Efficacy, Beliefs About Medicines and Medication Adherence Among Adolescents with Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the impact of MI on self-efficacy, beliefs about medicines and medication adherence among adolescents with asthma.

Method: This randomized controlled trial conducted on 52 adolescents with asthma referring to the Pediatric Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. They were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups.

Exosomal MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Allergic Asthma.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are involved in intracellular communication and different biological processes. Recently, the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes has been considered as biomarkers in asthma diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the expression of selective miRNAs from plasma-derived exosomes in moderate and severe asthmatic patients compared with healthy controls.

The Critical Role of Prenatal Genetic Study in Prevention of Primary Immunodeficiency in High-risk Families: The Largest Report of 107 Cases.

This study aims to investigate the role of prenatal diagnosis (PND) in Iranian couples with a previous history of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD) in their family. All referred couples with a family history of PIDD and a tendency for PND were included in this project. Based on gestational age, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed to analyze the molecular defect of the fetus according to the previous gene defect of the affected case in the family.

The most common allergens according to skin prick test: The role of wheal diameter in clinical relevancy.

The skin prick test (SPT) could be applied as a useful in vivo method for the detection of sensitization in epidemiological and diagnostic studies if the wheal size is ideally evaluated. We focused on SPT wheal size to identify sensitization pattern to common inhalant and food allergens. In this cross-sectional study, SPT results were obtained from a total of 972 allergic patients.