Annual Direct Cost of Dysphagia Associated with Acute Ischemic Stroke in the United States.

Background: Dysphagia after acute ischemic stroke is frequent and increases the risk of pneumonia, insertion of feeding tube, hospital length-of-stay and rates of discharge to institutional care. However, the financial impact of dysphagia after acute ischemic stroke is not well understood.

Methods: Estimates were derived from published medical and economic literature to provide a range of estimates for the annual direct hospital cost of dysphagia associated with acute ischemic stroke in the United States.

Herpetic and candidal infections of the esophagus in an elderly male.

We present the unique case of an eighty-nine-year-old male without any immunodeficiency state or taking immunosuppressive medication and who did not have conditions affecting clearance of the esophageal lumen who was diagnosed with simultaneous herpetic esophagitis and candidal duodenitis.