Bilateral open lip schizencephaly.

Schizencephaly is a central nervous system (CNS) developmental disorder characterized by abnormal cleft extending from the lateral ventricles to the cerebral cortex. Clinically, it occurs as -mantle, closed lip and open lip types which may be unilateral or bilateral. The exact cause of schizencephaly is not known but genetic disorders, exposure to teratogens, viral infections and maternal age are implicated.

Jones type fifth metatarsal fracture fixation in athletes: A review and current concept.

Jones type fifth metatarsal fracture is a common occurrence among athletes at all levels. These fractures may occur due to several mechanisms, but inversions and twisting injuries are considered some of the leading causes in sports. However, while Jones fracture incidences are frequent in the sporting world, there is still a lack of consensus on how such fractures should be effectively managed.

The right heart of the elite senior rugby football league athlete.

Background: Right heart enlargement is common in the athletes' heart phenotype; however, few data exist regarding interpretation of normal athletic adaptation during Preparticipation Cardiac Screening (PCS) of Rugby Football League (RFL) athletes. Echocardiography is utilized during PCS and thus the primary aim of this study was to establish the normal right ventricular (RV) phenotype in elite RFL athletes using standard 2-D echocardiography and myocardial mechanics. The secondary aim was to describe right atrial (RA) structure and function using 2-D echocardiography.

Right ventricular function in elite male athletes meeting the structural echocardiographic task force criteria for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

Athlete pre-participation screening is focused on detecting pathological conditions like arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). The diagnosis of ARVC is established by applying the revised 2010 ARVC Task Force Criteria (TFC) that assesses RV structure and function. Some athletes may meet structural TFC without having ARVC but we do not know the consequences for RV function.

The relationship between left ventricular structure and function in the elite rugby football league athlete as determined by conventional echocardiography and myocardial strain imaging.

Aims: The aims of this study were to establish the left ventricular (LV) phenotype in rugby football league (RFL) athletes and to mathematically model the association between LV size, strain (ɛ) and ejection fraction (EF).

Methods And Results: 139 male athletes underwent echocardiographic LV evaluation including ɛ imaging. Non-athletic males were used for comparison.

Influence of different dynamic sporting disciplines on right ventricular Structure and function in elite male athletes.

Our objective was to assess the influence of different levels of exposure to dynamic training on right ventricular (RV) structure, function and mechanics in elite male athletes. We recruited 492 male elite athletes aged between 18 and 30 years old. Athletes were grouped according to their sporting discipline using the Mitchell Classification as Low Dynamic (LD), Moderate Dynamic (MD) or High Dynamic (HD).