Synthesis of pyrrole-fused dibenzoxazepine/dibenzothiazepine/triazolobenzodiazepine derivatives via isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions.

An efficient and facile synthesis of pyrrole-fused dibenzoxazepine/dibenzothiazepine/triazolobenzodiazepine derivatives was developed through the isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction of isocyanides, -diactivated olefins, and cyclic imines such as dibenzoxazepine, dibenzothiazepine, and triazolobenzodiazepine under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions. Purposefully, this approach produced various bioactive scaffolds using environmentally friendly, mild, and simple conditions. Due to their bioactive moieties, these compounds with exclusive fluorescence properties may attract great attention in biomedical applications, clinical diagnostics, and conjugate materials.

Ion-Mediated Cross-Linking of Hyaluronic Acid into Hydrogels without Chemical Modification.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a biomedically relevant polymer widely explored as a component of hydrogels. The prevailing approaches for cross-linking HA into hydrogels require chemically modifying the polymer, which can increase processing steps and complicate biocompatibility. Herein, we demonstrate an alternative approach to cross-link HA that eliminates the need for chemical modifications by leveraging the interactions between metal cations and the negatively charged, ionizable functional groups on HA.

Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of benzopyran derivatives with biological scaffolds.

Benzopyrans (BZPs) are among the most privileged and influential small O-heterocycles that form the core of many natural compounds, commercial drugs, biological compositions, agrochemicals, and functional materials. BZPs are divided into six general categories including coumarins, chromans, 2-chromenes, 4-chromenes, chromones, and 4-chromanones, each of which is abundant in many plants and foods. These oxygenated heterocyclic compounds are fascinating motifs and have extensive applications in biology and materials science.

Using Triazolobenzodiazepine as the Cyclic Imine in Various Types of Joullié-Ugi Reactions.

The triazolobenzodiazepine as a cyclic imine was employed in a variety of Joullié-Ugi reactions, and three new families of unique triazolobenzodiazepine connected to carboxamide and tetrazole products were synthesized via a three-component reaction of the cyclic imine and isocyanides with each species of a carboxylic acid/water/TMSN under mild conditions in high yields. Furthermore, triazolobenzodiazepine imine was used in an interesting strategy based on the modified Ugi reaction (pseudo-Joullié-Ugi reaction) of cyclic imines with an isocyanide and acetylenedicarboxylates under catalyst-free conditions for the synthesis of triazolobenzodiazepine-fused pyrroles. Mechanistic investigation reveals that triazolobenzodiazepine-fused pyrroles have been generated via a surprising route.

The new synthesis of pyrrole-fused dibenzo[,][1,4]oxazepine/thiazepines by the pseudo-Joullié-Ugi reaction an unexpected route with high chemoselectivity.

A novel and unexpected route for synthesizing pyrrole-fused dibenzoxazepines/thiazepines has been designed based on a modified Ugi reaction of cyclic imines with isocyanides and acetylenedicarboxylates under catalyst-free conditions. Mechanism investigation indicates that this process is carried out through the production of zwitterion species (Huisgen's 1,4-dipole), which is a key intermediate in the chemoselectivity of products. This Huisgen's 1,4-dipole is trapped with isocyanides and a variety of pyrrole-fused dibenzoxazepines/thiazepines are synthesized in a simple one-pot operation with high yields and chemoselectivity.

Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions in Water: Advanced Green Tools for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds.

Reaction rate acceleration using green methods is an intriguing area of research for chemists. In this regard, water as a "green solvent" plays a crucial role in the acceleration of some organic transformations and reveals exclusive selectivity and reactivity in comparison with conventional organic solvents. In particular, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) as sustainable tools lead to the rapid generation of small-molecule libraries in water and aqueous media due to the prominent role of the hydrophobic effect.

Copper phthalocyanine-conjugated pectin via the Ugi four-component reaction: An efficient catalyst for CO fixation.

Due to the cost-effectivity and biodegradability advantages of pectin, this type of polysaccharide attracted the attention of many researchers for catalyst construction. Accordingly, pectin was used as a green support in this study to construct an efficient heterogeneous catalytic system based on the conjugation of metal phthalocyanines. To end this, pectin was first oxidized with periodate oxidant agent to effectively immobilize a tetra-amino copper phthalocyanine (Cu-PcTA) through a green, simple, and an efficient one-pot Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR).

Chemoselective synthesis of fully substituted pyrroles a one-pot four-component isocyanide-based reaction.

Small-ring heterocycles comprising pyrrole and pyrazole are well known for their rich biological properties. In this article, an efficient green sonochemical approach was designed for the synthesis of novel, fully substituted pyrroles connected to pyrazole scaffolds via a one-pot, four-component isocyanide-based sequential reaction. This reaction was carried out using various 5-amino-pyrazoles, aldehydes, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and isocyanides for the synthesis of fully functionalized pyrroles with high chemoselectivity in the presence of a catalytic amount of PTSA·H2O, in good to excellent yields under ultrasound irradiation.

Multicomponent reactions as a potent tool for the synthesis of benzodiazepines.

Benzodiazepines (BZDs), a diverse class of benzofused seven-membered N-heterocycles, display essential pharmacological properties and play vital roles in some biochemical processes. They have mainly been prescribed as potential therapeutic agents, which interestingly represent various biological activities such as anticancer, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, muscle relaxant, and antimicrobial activities. The extensive biological activities of BZDs in various fields have encouraged medicinal chemists to discover and design novel BZD-based scaffolds as potential therapeutic candidates with the favorite biological activity through an efficient protocol.

Isocyanide-based consecutive Bargellini/Ugi reactions: an efficient method for the synthesis of pseudo-peptides containing three amide bonds.

Isocyanide-based consecutive Bargellini/Ugi multicomponent reactions as a combinatorial strategy have been developed for the synthesis of new class of pseudo-peptides. Via Bargellini reaction 3-carboxamido-isobutyric acids are prepared using acetone, chloroform, sodium hydroxide, and isocyanides. Then, using Ugi multicomponent reaction strategy, pseudo-peptides containing three amide bonds are synthesized using the Bargellini reaction product, aldehydes, amines, and isocyanides.

Green one-pot synthesis of multicomponent-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose as a safe carrier for the gentamicin oral delivery.

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) as a green strategy was used to crosslink carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) via the construction of bioactive carboxamide skeletons for the gentamicin (GM) oral delivery. The prepared multicomponent-crosslinked (MCC) CMC hydrogels (CMC-MCC) were fully characterized using various methods. To explain the productivity of the prepared system, GM delivery tests performed in the simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions.

Cyclic Imines in Ugi and Ugi-Type Reactions.

Ugi four-component reactions (U-4CRs) are widely recognized as being highly efficient for the synthesis of pseudopeptides. However, the products of these reactions are not so interesting as drug candidates because they are not conformationally restricted enough for a potent interaction with biological targets. One possible way to overcome this problem is to replace amine and oxo components in the U-4CRs with cyclic imines in so-called Joullié-Ugi three-component reactions (JU-3CRs).

The status of isocyanide-based multi-component reactions in Iran (2010-2018).

Isocyanides as key intermediates and magic reactants have been widely applied in organic reactions for direct access to a broad spectrum of remarkable organic compounds. Although the history of these magical compounds dates back more than 100 years, it still has been drawing widespread attention of chemists who confirmed their versatility and effectiveness. Because of their wide spectrum of pharmacological, industrial and synthetic applications, many reactions with the utilization of isocyanides are reported in the literature.

The Lowering of Bilirubin Levels in Full-Term Newborns by the Effect of Combined Massage Therapy and Phototherapy Practice.

Objective:  Various therapeutic treatments have been prescribed for decreasing the bilirubin level. Massage therapy is one of the neonate treatments for jaundice. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of combined massage therapy and phototherapy on neonatal jaundice.

5-Amino-pyrazoles: potent reagents in organic and medicinal synthesis.

5-Amino-pyrazoles have proven to be a class of fascinating and privileged organic tools for the construction of diverse heterocyclic or fused heterocyclic scaffolds. This review presents comprehensively the applications of 5-amino-pyrazoles as versatile synthetic building blocks in the synthesis of remarkable organic molecules with an emphasis on versatile functionalities. Following a brief introduction of synthesis methods, planning strategies to construct organic compounds, particularly diverse heterocyclic scaffolds, such as poly-substituted heterocyclic compounds and fused heterocyclic compounds via 5-amino-pyrazoles, have been summarized.

Human herpesvirus-6 and epstein-barr virus infections at different histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and viral load of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in different histopathologic grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: Forty-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section of OSCC patients were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of EBV and HHV-6.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.