Apoptosis and myocardial infarction: role of ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs.

ncRNAs, particularly miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, are a group of RNAs which, although they do not encode proteins (however, recent evidence shows that certain circRNAs are translatable), play a major role in regulating gene expression and, therefore, affect multiple cellular processes, in particular apoptosis. Apoptosis is proven to mediate myocardial infarction physiopathology in addition to ischemic necrosis and, therefore, has recently gained great interest as a target to improve MI outcomes. The current work reviews studies that have assessed ncRNAs with the ability to promote or suppress apoptosis in the process of MI and, therefore, may introduce new therapeutic targets for MI treatment.

Preventive and Tumor-Suppressive Effects of Lactobacillus Paracasei X12 in Rat Model of Colorectal Cancer.

The paper in hand seeks to evaluate the tumor-suppressive and apoptotic effects of X12 in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. The rats were divided into three groups (n = 8-12 per group X12 was administrated to these animals for forty weeks. The findings of this study indicated that X12 administration prevented severe weight loss in DMH-treated rats.

Antioxidative and Metabolic Effects of , Inulin, and Their Synbiotic on the Hypothalamus and Serum of Healthy Rats.

Nowadays, much attention has been paid to the link between gut microbiota and brain. The beneficial metabolic effects of probiotics and prebiotics in several diseases such as diabetes and obesity have been reported. However, studies bridging the association of gut microbiome with brain function in healthy states are rare.

The potential therapeutic effects of and inulin on serum and testicular reproductive markers in diabetic male rats.

Background: It is well established that diminished reproductive health is one of the notable long-term outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially among males. Due to the global increasing rate of T2DM and infertility, we aimed to investigate the impact of , inulin, and their combinatory supplementation on fertility markers as well as testicular kisspeptin and androgen receptor (AR)'s expression in diabetic male rats.

Methods: Thirty-five Male Wistar rats with Streptozotocin-induced T2DM were supplemented with , inulin, or their combination for 8 weeks.

And Inulin: Therapeutic Agents to Enhance Cardiac Ob Receptor Expression and Suppress Cardiac Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Background: T2DM may cause increased levels of oxidative stress and cardiac apoptosis through elevated blood glucose. The present study investigated the effects of (. ) as a probiotic strain and inulin as a prebiotic supplement on cardiac oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats.

Impacts of epidural electrical stimulation on Wnt signaling, FAAH, and BDNF following thoracic spinal cord injury in rat.

Electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to improve some of impairments after spinal cord injury (SCI), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The Wnt signaling pathways and the endocannabinoid system appear to be modulated in response to SCI. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ES therapy on the activity of canonical/noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which regulate endocannabinoids levels.

From the gut to the heart: L. plantarum and inulin administration as a novel approach to control cardiac apoptosis via 5-HT2B and TrkB receptors in diabetes.

Background & Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a metabolic disorder, can lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy, identified by cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin are two neurotransmitters that can control cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis through their cardiac receptors. In the present study, we investigated the impacts of L.

The impact of vitamin D3 intake on inflammatory markers in multiple sclerosis patients and their first-degree relatives.

Background & Aims: In our previous study, a Seesaw model was proposed for the fluctuation of crucial anti- (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (Il-6 & IL-17A) cytokines through vitamin D3. In this paper, however, it is intended to extend the mentioned model by assessing the expression mRNA levels of IL-27 and TGF-β1 as well as the changes of plasma levels of IL-27, TGF-β1, IL-17A, IL-10, and IL-6 after treatment by vitamin D3.

Method: Venous blood samples were drawn from Healthy Participants (HP, n = 25) and First-Degree Relative Participants (FDRP, n = 25) as control groups and Multiple Sclerosis Participants (MSP, n = 25) before and after eight weeks of supplementation with 50000 IU vitamin D3.

The potential therapeutic effects of the gut microbiome manipulation by synbiotic containing-Lactobacillus plantarum on neuropsychological performance of diabetic rats.

Background: The manipulation of gut microbiota as a target has been suggested to reduce the risks for a number of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Conversely, T2DM is associated with complications such as gut and brain disorders. Furthermore, the impact of probiotics and prebiotics to improve T2DM complications are reported.

Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and autoimmune neurological disorder which leads to demyelination. Although the etiology of MS is yet to be known, it appears that regulating the immune system and suppressing inflammatory pathways may possibly have a favorable effect on the healing of this disease. Evidence suggests that probiotics consumption via gut microbiome alteration devises beneficial effects in improving immune and inflammatory responses in MS.

Correction to: The novel insight into anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects of psychobiotics in diabetic rats: possible link between gut microbiota and brain regions.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the order of the author list.

The novel insight into anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects of psychobiotics in diabetic rats: possible link between gut microbiota and brain regions.

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was associated with gut microbial impairment (dysbiosis) and neurological and behavioral disorders. The role of the gut-brain axis in the management of many diseases including T2DM has been the focus of much research activity in the recent years. However, a wide knowledge gap exists about the gut microbial effects on the function of glia cells.

Anti-inflammatory effects of dietary vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To assess the effects of dietary vitamin D on proinflammatory (interleukin-17A [IL-17A] and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines.

Methods: Our study was conducted on 75 participants who were divided into 3 groups: multiple sclerosis participants (MSPs, n = 25), first-degree relative participants (FDRPs, n = 25), and healthy participants (HPs, n = 25). All groups received 50,000 IU vitamin D/wk for 8 weeks.

Beneficial psychological effects of novel psychobiotics in diabetic rats: the interaction among the gut, blood and amygdala.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can lead to major complications such as psychiatric disorders which include depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. The association of the gut-brain axis in the development of such disorders, especially in T2DM, has been elucidated; however, gut dysbiosis is also reported in patients with T2DM. Hence, the regulation of the gut-brain axis, in particular, the gut-amygdala, as a vital region for the regulation of behavior is essential.