Surface wettability governs brine evaporation and salt precipitation during carbon sequestration in saline aquifers: Microfluidic insights.

Carbon sequestration in deep saline aquifers is a promising strategy for reducing atmospheric CO emissions. However, salt precipitation triggered by the evaporation of formation brine into injected supercritical CO can cause injectivity and containment issues in near-wellbore regions. Predicting the distribution of precipitated salts and their impact on near-wellbore properties remains challenging.

Pre-admission opioid use disorder as a new predictor of in-hospital mortality and six-month outcomes in traumatic brain injury patients: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of pre-admission Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) on in-hospital mortality and 6-month follow-up TBI outcomes.

Design: This study included 2804 patients with TBI admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Emtiaz (Rajaee) Hospital, a referral trauma center in Shiraz, Iran. Finally, 1087 eligible participants were selected from included patients.

Hydrogen and Cushion Gas Adsorption-Desorption Dynamics on Clay Minerals.

Transitioning toward a hydrogen (H)-centric energy paradigm necessitates understanding the adsorption properties of clay minerals, essential constituents of reservoirs and caprocks, for efficient geological H storage. This study examines the adsorption characteristics of H on various clay minerals (montmorillonite, illite, chlorite, kaolinite, and sepiolite) at different temperatures and the adsorption of cushion gases (N, CH, and CO) under reservoir conditions (313.15 K, up to 10 MPa).

2- to 20-year myelomeningocele follow-up outcomes from a referral center in Southern Iran: the Shiraz experience.

Background: The current convention for treatment of children with myelomeningocele (MMC) is timely surgical intervention combined with long-term follow-up by a multidisciplinary specialized team. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of MMC patients treated at Namazi Hospital.

Methods: All children presenting to Namazi Hospital with myelomeningocele between May 2001 and August 2020 were eligible for this study.

Prognosis prediction in traumatic brain injury patients using machine learning algorithms.

Predicting treatment outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients is challenging worldwide. The present study aimed to achieve the most accurate machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict the outcomes of TBI treatment by evaluating demographic features, laboratory data, imaging indices, and clinical features. We used data from 3347 patients admitted to a tertiary trauma centre in Iran from 2016 to 2021.

Chronic Kidney Disease in Isfahan Province, Action Plan for Screening in A Population-based Study.

Introduction: We intended to explore the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its different stages, as well as CKD associated variables in the adult population in Isfahan province, Iran.

Methods: Adults aged ≥ 18 were recruited in a cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2019. Data including demographics, anthropometrics, and laboratory findings were collected from each subject.

Trigonocephaly: Quantitative Comparison of the Complete Vault Reconstruction and Minimally Invasive Suturectomy.

Objective: The objective of the study was to present and compare outcomes and complications of conventional open reconstruction and minimally invasive correction of metopic synostosis in patients who underwent treatment of trigonocephaly in our center between 2015 and 2019.

Methods: The hospital database was searched for hospitalization and surgical information, as well as imaging of individuals with trigonocephaly. Postoperative evaluation of the patients was performed during the follow-up sessions.

Prediction of 6 months endoscopic third ventriculostomy success rate in patients with hydrocephalus using a multi-layer perceptron network.

Objective: Discrimination between patients most likely to benefit from endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and those at higher risk of failure is challenging. Compared to other standard models, we have tried to develop a prognostic multi-layer perceptron model based on potentially high-impact new variables for predicting the ETV success score (ETVSS).

Methods: Clinical and radiological data of 128 patients have been collected, and ETV outcomes were evaluated.

Probabilistic Nucleation and Crystal Growth in Porous Medium: New Insights from Calcium Carbonate Precipitation on Primary and Secondary Substrates.

Knowledge of crystal nucleation and growth is paramount in understanding the geometry evolution of porous medium during reactive transport processes in geo-environmental studies. To predict transport properties precisely, it is necessary to delineate both the amount and location of nucleation and precipitation events in the spatiotemporal domain. This study investigates the precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals on a heterogeneous sandstone substrate as a function of chemical supersaturation, temperature, and time.

Probabilistic nucleation governs time, amount, and location of mineral precipitation and geometry evolution in the porous medium.

One important unresolved question in reactive transport is how pore-scale processes can be upscaled and how predictions can be made on the mutual effect of chemical processes and fluid flow in the porous medium. It is paramount to predict the location of mineral precipitation besides their amount for understanding the fate of transport properties. However, current models and simulation approaches fail to predict precisely where crystals will nucleate and grow in the spatiotemporal domain.

Predictive Factors for Postoperative Tracheostomy Requirement in Children Undergoing Surgical Resection of Medulloblastoma.

Objective: This study is aimed at identifying factors predicting tracheostomy requirement in children diagnosed with a posterior fossa medulloblastoma postoperatively.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients younger than 18 undergoing medulloblastoma resection from 2012 to 2020 at Namazi Hospital was conducted.

Results: Forty-five patients (26%) needed tracheostomy after the operation.

Intracranial Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Cerebellopontine Angle in a 6-year-old Child: A Case Report.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue malignancy in children under 15 years of age. Approximately, 35% of RMS cases originate from the head and neck region. Among various sites in the head and neck region, intracranial extension is more likely to occur with parameningeal tumors, which is also considered an unfavorable prognostic factor in children with RMS.

Cerebral and pulmonary aspergillosis, treatment and diagnostic challenges of mixed breakthrough invasive fungal infections: case report study.

Background: Breakthrough invasive fungal infections (bIFIs) are an area of concern in the scarcity of new antifungals. The mixed form of bIFIs is a rare phenomenon but could be potentially a troublesome challenge when caused by azole-resistant strains or non-Aspergillus fumigatus. To raise awareness and emphasize diagnostic challenges, we present a case of mixed bIFIs in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

A genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening reveals SH3D21 as a sensitizer for gemcitabine.

Gemcitabine, 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine, is used as a pro-drug in treatment of variety of solid tumour cancers including pancreatic cancer. After intake, gemcitabine is transferred to the cells by the membrane nucleoside transporter proteins. Once inside the cells, it is converted to gemcitabine triphosphate followed by incorporation into DNA chains where it causes inhibition of DNA replication and thereby cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Clinical outcome of V-Y flap with latissimus dorsi and gluteal advancement for treatment of large thoracolumbar myelomeningocele defects: a comparative study.

Objective: Surgical repair and closure of myelomeningocele (MMC) defects are important and vital, as the mortality rate is as high as 65%-70% in untreated patients. Closure of large MMC defects is challenging for pediatric neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons. The aim of the current study is to report the operative characteristics and outcome of a series of Iranian patients with large MMC defects utilizing the V-Y flap and with latissimus dorsi or gluteal muscle advancement.

Intraperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting is mostly used in the treatment of hydrocephalus and many complications have been reported with this method. Abdominal Pseudocyst (APC) are relatively uncommon but important complications in patients with VP shunts. We herein report the case of a 9-year-old boy with VP shunt who presented with abdominal distension, abdominal pain, malaise, and decrease of appetite.