Candida albicans recovered from persistent candidemia exhibit enhanced virulence traits.

Candida albicans catheter-related candidemia is largely driven by microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on central venous catheters. Cells that disperse from these biofilms can enter the bloodstream, spread to distant organs, and sustain the cycle of infection. In this study, we investigated the virulence potential of C.

Host immune response against fungal biofilms.

Fungal biofilms are a multilayered community of cells attached to mucosal or abiotic surfaces enclosed in a coating of self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. The sheer density of cells protected by a polymeric shield not only makes the biofilm impermeable to antimicrobials or immune cells but also hidden from host recognition. Biofilms also serve as a reservoir of drug-resistant persister cells and dispersal cells armored with virulence factors adept at evading the immune system.

Risk factors and outcome associated with the acquisition of MDR linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium: a report from tertiary care centre.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the resistance profile of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium (LREfm) and to investigate risk factors and outcomes associated with LREfm infections.

Material And Methods: A prospective case-control study was undertaken (2019 to 2022) and included 202 patients with LREfm infections (cases) and 200 controls with LSEfm infections. Clinical data was prospectively collected and analysed for risk factors and outcomes.

Factors influencing somatic cell counts and bacterial contamination in unpasteurized milk obtained from water buffalo in Bangladesh.

Little has been published on the factors influencing the safety and quality of milk derived from water buffalo in Bangladesh. This study aims to describe the milk hygiene parameters and milk chain characteristics of unpasteurized raw milk sold to consumers in order to improve milk hygiene. A quantitative study design evaluated somatic cell counts, total bacterial counts, and specific gram-negative (Enterobacteria) and gram-positive (staphylococci) pathogens in 377 aseptically collected milk samples.

Emergence of OptrA Gene Mediated Linezolid Resistance among Enterococcus Faecium: A Pilot Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, India.

 is the third most common cause of nosocomial infections. Linezolid (LNZ) is a reserve antibiotic recommended for infections caused by vancomycin resistant (VREfm).  The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of  gene among linezolid resistant (LREfm) and to study the molecular epidemiology using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Microstructure and Mechanical Property Evaluation of Dune Sand Reactive Powder Concrete Subjected to Hot Air Curing.

The use of different sustainable materials in the manufacture of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is becoming increasingly common due to the unabating concerns over climate change and sustainability in the construction sector. Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is an UHPC in which traditional coarse aggregates are replaced by fine aggregates. The main purpose of this research is to produce RPC using dune sand and to study its microstructure and mechanical properties under different curing conditions of water curing and hot air curing.

Improved recipes provide better complementary feeding in young children: findings of community-based trials in Bangladesh.

Background: In Bangladesh, only 34% of children receive minimum acceptable diets as complementary foods (CF) for appropriate age while the rest of them remain at the risk of growth faltering, micronutrient deficiency, compromised cognitive development, and increased morbidity and mortality.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to develop nutritious recipes for complementary feeding and provide necessary guidelines for improving complementary feeding practices for doctors, nutritionist and caregivers.

Methods: This qualitative study including a baseline survey and Trials of Improved Practices of recipes (TIPs) was conducted on families having 6-23 months old children selected by Multi-stage random sampling methods from 2010 to 2012 throughout seven divisions of Bangladesh.

Hypothermia for moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries (HELIX): a randomised controlled trial in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh.

Background: Although therapeutic hypothermia reduces death or disability after neonatal encephalopathy in high-income countries, its safety and efficacy in low-income and middle-income countries is unclear. We aimed to examine whether therapeutic hypothermia alongside optimal supportive intensive care reduces death or moderate or severe disability after neonatal encephalopathy in south Asia.

Methods: We did a multicountry open-label, randomised controlled trial in seven tertiary neonatal intensive care units in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh.

Future Oncotargets: Targeting Overexpressed Conserved Protein Targets in Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.

Background: Targeting evolutionarily conserved proteins in malignant cells and the adapter proteins involved in signalling that generates from such proteins may play a cardinal role in the selection of anti-cancer drugs. Drugs targeting these proteins could be of importance in developing anti-cancer drugs.

Objectives: We inferred that drugs like loperamide and promethazine that act as antagonists of proteins conserved in cancer cells like voltage-gated Calcium channels (Cav), Calmodulin (CaM) and drug efflux (ABCB1) pump may have the potential to be re-purposed as an anti-cancer agent in Prostate Cancer (PCa).

Age-Specific Cut-off Values of Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines for Diagnosis of Inborn Errors of Metabolism Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is used for the diagnosis of more than 30 inborn errors of metabolisms (IEMs). Accurate and reliable diagnosis of IEMs by quantifying amino acids (AAs) and acylcarnitines (ACs) using LC-MS/MS systems depend on the establishment of age-specific cut-offs of the analytes. This study aimed to (1) determine the age-specific cut-off values of AAs and ACs in Bangladesh and (2) validate the LC-MS/MS method for diagnosis of the patients with IEMs.

High resolution melting curve analysis targeting the HBB gene mutational hot-spot offers a reliable screening approach for all common as well as most of the rare beta-globin gene mutations in Bangladesh.

Background: Bangladesh lies in the global thalassemia belt, which has a defined mutational hot-spot in the beta-globin gene. The high carrier frequencies of beta-thalassemia trait and hemoglobin E-trait in Bangladesh necessitate a reliable DNA-based carrier screening approach that could supplement the use of hematological and electrophoretic indices to overcome the barriers of carrier screening. With this view in mind, the study aimed to establish a high resolution melting (HRM) curve-based rapid and reliable mutation screening method targeting the mutational hot-spot of South Asian and Southeast Asian countries that encompasses exon-1 (c.

Death audit in the neonatal ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh: a retrospective chart review.

Background: Expectant reduction of neonatal mortality and formulation of preventive strategies can only be achieved by analysis of risk factors in a particular setting. This study aimed to document incidence of neonatal death and to analyze the risk factors associated with neonatal death.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) over a 12-month period from January to December 2015.

Molecular Analysis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene Mutations in Bangladeshi Individuals.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common X-linked human enzyme defect of red blood cells (RBCs). Individuals with this gene defect appear normal until exposed to oxidative stress which induces hemolysis. Consumption of certain foods such as fava beans, legumes; infection with bacteria or virus; and use of certain drugs such as primaquine, sulfa drugs etc.

Antitumor properties of two traditional aromatic rice genotypes (Kalijira and Chinigura).

Objective: Methanol extract of bran and unpolished grain of two traditional aromatic rice genotypes viz. Kalijira and Chinigura were assayed for their activity on the growth and initiation of crown-gall tumors on potato disks.

Materials And Methods: Three Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A.

Maternal and neonatal serum zinc level and its relationship with neural tube defects.

Neural tube defect (NTD) is a multi-factorial disorder in which nutritional, genetic and environmental factors are involved. Among the nutritional factors, low level of serum zinc has been reported from different parts of the world. This hospital-based case-control study was conducted with the objective of finding the relationship between serum zinc level in newborns and their mothers and NTDs in a Bangladeshi population.

On food and nutrition policy activities in the USA, Australia, and Norway.

Formulation and implementation of a national food and nutrition policy is important for ensuring good health and quality of life. This study examined the formulation and implementation of food and nutrition policies in the USA, Australia, and Norway. Library searches, MEDLINE and POPLINE searches, and personal communications were used for collecting information and data on nutrition activities and policy formulation and implementation in each country.

Effect of deworming on nutritional status of ascaris infested slum children of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

This randomized double blind community trial was conducted on Ascaris infested children (n = 85) aged 2 to 12 years and was aimed to study the impact of deworming on nutritional status, in an urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The change of weight gain was significantly higher in children given anthelmintics than those given placebo (0.92 kg vs.