Traditional vs. modified Ringer lactate-based del Nido cardioplegia impacts on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: Results from a prospective, randomized, blinded trial.

Introduction: Myocardial protection with cardioplegia is a crucial approach to mitigate myocardial damage during coronary bypass grafting surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The major component of the del Nido cardioplegia solution, Plasma-Lyte A, is difficult to obtain in Iran due to high cost. The objective of the current study was to study if the lactated Ringer's solution as the base for del Nido solution (LR DN) usage is a viable option as a substitute for Plasma-Lyte A in adult patients presenting for CABG surgery.

The Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (CAAR) in Iran: Registry Protocol and Results of the Pilot Study.

Background: The current registry system aims to design a database that can be used for future research as a tool to produce and update new protocols for the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of heart diseases.

Methods: In this hospital-based registry system, established on 27 July 2021, all the adult patients (age ≥18 years old) with signs and symptoms of cardiac diseases under coronary angiography or angioplasty in the cardiac ward of Imam Hossein Hospital of Tehran, Iran were recruited and followed-up until 30 days after discharge in the pilot phase. All data were collected using a researcher-made checklist from face-to-face interviews with patients and their medical records.

Multiscale modeling of the dynamic growth of cancerous tumors under the influence of chemotherapy drugs.

A comprehensive model of chemotherapy treatment of cancer can help us to optimize the drug administration/dosage and improve the treatment outcome. In the present study, a multiscale mathematical model of tumor growth during chemotherapy treatment is developed to predict its response to the medication and cancer progression. The modeling is a continuous multiscale simulation consisting of three tissue phases including cancer cells, normal cells, and extracellular matrix.

Dual antiplatelet therapy before coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with MI who are candidates for early coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) can affect intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DAPT up to the day before CABG on the outcomes during and after surgery in patients with MI.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 224 CABG candidate patients with and without MI were divided into two groups: (A) patients without MI who were treated with aspirin 80 mg/day before surgery (noMI-aspirin group; n = 124) and (B) patients with MI who were treated with aspirin 80 mg/day before surgery and clopidogrel (Plavix brand) at a dose of 75 mg/day (MI-DAPT group; n = 120).

Prognostic Value of Blood Pressure Responsiveness in Hemodialysis for Cardiovascular Mortality, Development of A New Predictive Equation.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is considered as the main cause of mortality and morbidity in HD-patients and AS is a fundamental cause. This study was conducted to investigate whether intradialytic BP changes can use as a surrogate clinical marker.

Methods: Fifty-one patients on maintenance hemodialysis, for at least 12 hours per week, were included in a prospective cohort study.

Adjunct Hypertonic Saline in Patients with Diffuse Edema Due to Heart Failure: A Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Trial.

In patients with diuretic resistance due to heart failure, higher doses or continuous furosemide infusion and adding hypertonic saline solution (HSS) to diuretics could be effective. The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hypertonic saline solution administration in weight loss of hospitalized patients with diuretic-resistant edema due to heart failure. In a randomized double-blinded clinical trial, adult patients with diffuse peripheral edema due to heart failure who were unresponsive to 80 mg of oral furosemide were enrolled.

Multivesicular liposomal depot system for sustained delivery of risperidone: development, characterization, and toxicity assessment.

Objective: Considering the limitations of conventional risperidone (RSP) therapies, the present research characterizes the usefulness of multivesicular liposomes (MVLs) as an efficient controlled-release carrier for this widely used antipsychotic drug, to be employed for the treatment of schizophrenia.

Methods: A 2 full factorial design based on three independent variables was implemented to plan the experiments: the molar ratios of lipid to the drug, triolein to phospholipid, and cholesterol to phospholipid. The impacts of these parameters on the risperidone encapsulation efficiency and its release pattern within the first 24 and 48 h were investigated as dependent variables.

Toward a universal influenza virus vaccine: Some cytokines may fulfill the request.

The influenza virus annually causes widespread damages to the health and economy of the global community. Vaccination is currently the most crucial strategy in reducing the number of patients. Genetic variations, the high diversity of pandemic viruses, and zoonoses make it challenging to select suitable strains for annual vaccine production.

Extracting the elasticity of the human skin in microscale and in-vivo from atomic force microscopy experiments using viscoelastic models.

Detecting mechanical properties of the intact skin in-vivo leads to a novel quantitative method to diagnose skin diseases and to monitor skin conditions in clinical settings. Current research and clinical methods that detect skin mechanics have major limitations. The in-vitro experiments are done in non-physiological conditions and in-vivo clinical methods measurer unwanted mechanics of underneath fat and muscle tissues but report the measurement as skin mechanics.

Co-expression of Interleukin-17A molecular adjuvant and prophylactic Helicobacter pylori genetic vaccine could cause sterile immunity in Treg suppressed mice.

The increasing clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in human stomach cancer has led to global efforts to eradicate this pathogen. Recent studies have confirmed the importance of some cytokines such as Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and Interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the pathogenesis of the so-called bacterium.

A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial Examining the Effects of Pentoxifylline on Contrast Induced Nephropathy Reduction after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in High Risk Candidates.

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) (known as contrast-induced acute kidney injury) occurs as a result of acute worsening of renal function following a procedure with administration of iodine contrasts agent and remains a substantial concern in clinical practices. The purpose of this study is to investigate the preventive effect of Pentoxifylline supplementation on reduction of CIN occurrence after percutaneous coronary intervention among patients who were high risk of CIN according to Mehran score. In randomized, double-blind clinical trial patients who undergo coronary angiography with Mehran Score ≥ 11 consisted of our population.

Prognostic Value of Cardiac Biomarkers Assessment in Combination with Myocardial 2D Strain Echocardiography for Early Detection of Anthracycline-Related Cardiac Toxicity.

Background: Anthracyclines, a widely used chemotherapy agent with a definite survival improvement, can result in cardiac toxicity presenting with HF (heart failure).

Objective: We aim to assess the predictive value of cardiac biomarkers assessment in combination with myocardial two-dimensional strain echocardiography for early detection of cardiac toxicity in patients who underwent Anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

Methods: Fifty-two consecutive adult patients scheduled to undergo the first course of Anthracycline-based chemotherapy were subjected to the study.

Bone Remodeling under Vibration: A Computational Model of Bone Remodeling Incorporating the Modal Behavior of Bone.

Developing precise computational models of bone remodeling can lead to more successful types of orthopedic treatments and deeper understanding of the phenomenon. Empirical evidence has shown that bone adaptation to mechanical loading is frequency dependent and the modal behavior of bone under vibration can play a significant role in remodeling process, particularly in the resonance region. The objective of this study is to develop a bone remodeling algorithm that takes into account the effects of bone vibrational behavior.

The role of air pollution on ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a narrative mini review.

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is one of the potential causes of death worldwide. In spite of substantial advances in its diagnosis and treatment, STEMI is still considered as a major public health dilemma in developed and particularly developing countries. One of the triggering factors of STEMI is supposed to be air pollutants like gaseous pollutants including, sulfur dioxide, nitric dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone and particulate matters (PM) including, PM under 2.

Rest 2D speckle tracking echocardiography may be a sensitive but nonspecific test for detection of significant coronary artery disease.

Aims: To detect the significance of coronary artery disease in the patients, who are suspected, was assumed to be one of the advantages of 2D STE, as a novel non-invasive imaging modality with acceptable accuracy.

Methods: In this study, 216 patients who were suspected to have coronary artery disease and candidate for coronary angiography, underwent rest two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) and negative global systolic longitudinal strain was evaluated.

Results: Negative global systolic left ventricular longitudinal strain under 18% in rest 2D-STE was significantly prevalent in patients with significant CAD in coronary angiography (P value<0.

Comparison of coronary risk factors and angiographic findings in younger and older patients with significant coronary artery disease.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is uncommon among young adults and may have certain characteristics that are different from those in older patients. The aim of the current study was to determine the risk factors of CAD, important laboratory data and angiographic findings in young patients with CAD and to compare them with the old patients.

Methods: Patients with typical chest pain whose CAD was confirmed by coronary angiography were included in the study.

AV nodal reentrant tachycardia with a 2:1 right bundle branch block missed as bidirectional ventricular tachycardia in the first superficial evaluation.

A 95-year old woman was admitted to our emergency unit because of acute abdominal pain. After urgent surgery according to the acute abdomen, she was referred to intensive care unit (ICU) of the emergency unit as she was intubated. It was developed a run of new arrhythmia which was diagnosed by cardiology resident as bidirectional ventricular tachycardia due to beat to beat changing the axis of the QRS.

Stent-assisted coiling of large common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm following coronary artery catheterization: an uncommon and novel approach.

The femoral artery pseudoaneurysm is a disturbing groin complication associated with the femoral arterial access site used for invasive cardiovascular interventions. We present a 39 year old man who developed a huge right common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, following diagnostic coronary artery catheterization, which was successfully managed with stent-assisted coiling, an emerging and narrative option in invasive percutaneous approaches to femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.

The Assessment of short-term effect of L-Citrulline on endothelial function via FMD to NMD ratio in known CAD patients: A randomized, cross-over clinical trial (Clinical trial number: NCT02638727).

Background: Recent studies have confirmed the essential and paramount role of the L-Citrulline on the nitric oxide regulation and the endothelial function improvement.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-over clinical trial, thirty patients, diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and flow mediated dilation to nitroglycerin dependent vasodilation (FMD/NMD) ratio less than 1, were included. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 15 patients and underwent treatment by L-Citrulline or placebo for 15 days, in 2 step protocol.

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Oxidative stress or oxidant/antioxidant imbalance has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of some diseases like cancer. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) originates in the thyroid parafollicular cells and includes 3-4% of the malignant neoplasms that have an effect on this gland. The aetiology of MTC has not been clarified.

Design and control of an active 1-DoF mechanism for knee rehabilitation.

A 1-DoF robot is designed and fabricated to be used for knee rehabilitation training. The mechanism (robot) is designed to perform specific set of exercises while the patient is sitting on a chair. The therapy process for patients has different stages; each stage consists of specific exercises to recover the knee to its condition before injury.

Simultaneous thrombosis of the left anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery in a 34-year-old crystal methamphetamine abuser.

This case report underscores that crystal methamphetamine abuse is an important cause of multivessel coronary thrombosis and raises doubts about the therapeutic options. The patient was a 34-year-old smoker and crystal methamphetamine abuser with no significant medical history, who presented with retrosternal chest pain associated with cold sweats. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram revealed diffuse ST-segment elevation in I, II, AVL, AVF, and V 2-6 leads.

Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage after fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in a cocaine abuser patient.

We report a 45-year-old man with antroseptal myocardial infarction who developed bilateral basal alveolar infiltrates after initiating the fibrinolytic therapy. Although thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase is generally used in the course of acute myocardial infarction and has diminished morbidity and mortality, pulmonary hemorrhage is an uncommon, but a potentially life-threatening complication that should be regarded as one of the differential diagnoses of pulmonary infiltrates or dropping hemoglobin with no apparent bleeding site.