A Comparison of Relation between Resilience, Locus of Control, Quality of Relationship and Pain Intensity with Dialysis Adequacy in Patients with Peritoneal and Hemodialysis.

Mental health in people with chronic diseases undergoes many changes due to conflict with the pain caused by the disease, which can have a reciprocal effect on the course and quality of the patient's treatment. The goal of the present study is to compare the correlation between locus of control, relationship quality, pain intensity and resilience with dialysis adequacy and laboratory indicators in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients. This causal-comparative study was conducted on 30 hemodialysis (HD) and 30 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients through the convenience sampling method.

Association between the Three Polymorphisms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene and the Early Clinical Outcome in Kidney Transplantation Patients.

Background: Glucocorticoids are pivotal components of immunosuppressive regimens in solid organ transplantations. This study aimed to assess the possible association between the ER22/23EK, N363S, and Bcl1 polymorphisms, and short-term clinical outcomes, including acute rejection and delayed graft function (DGF), in kidney transplantation recipients.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a two-year period on adults with transplanted kidneys, comprised of subjects without rejection (n=50, control) and those with documented rejection within one year after transplantation (n=50, case), between April 2017 and September 2018, in Shiraz, Iran.

Assessing empathy in final-year medical students using the Persian version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy.

Background: A doctor-patient relationship built on the concept of empathy is so essential to attain the best clinical outcomes in medicine. Since empathy has a positive role in interpersonal relationships and medical outcomes, its assessment is highly crucial. The aim of this study was to assess the empathy in last-year medical students using the Persian version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) and correlate empathy scores with demographic features.

Comparison of intravenous sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride combination versus intravenous sodium chloride hydration alone in reducing amphotericin B nephrotoxicity: a randomized clinical trial.

Background And Purpose: The most important adverse reaction of amphotericin B (AmB) is nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the potential effectiveness of intravenous saline + sodium bicarbonate versus intravenous sodium chloride hydration in preventing or attenuating AmB nephrotoxicity.

Experimental Approach: A randomized, non-placebo-controlled, single-blinded clinical trial was conducted in two adult hematology-oncology wards of Namazi hospital.

Pomegranate juice improves cardiometabolic risk factors, biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in hemodialysis patients: a randomized crossover trial.

Background: Pomegranate has antioxidant, cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. We designed a crossover study aimed at determining if consumption of pomegranate juice (PJ) improves lipid profile and oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers of hemodialysis patients. Forty-one hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: PJ-treated group receiving 100 mL of natural PJ immediately after their dialysis session three times a week and the control group receiving the usual care.

Pattern and associated factors of adherence to immunosuppressive medications in kidney transplant recipients at a referral center in Iran.

Ever increasing number of patients who receive kidney transplantation as a therapeutic option, approaches to increase graft survival as well as to identify factors that reduce the treatment outcomes should be taken into account. One of the heightened concerns after transplantation is non-adherence to immunosuppressive medications, which increases the risk of kidney failure or even rejection. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with immunosuppressant medications adherence in kidney transplant recipients.

The Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on the Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) protects other organs from subsequent lethal ischemic injury, but uncertainty remains. We investigated if RIPC could prevent acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Methods: This parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was done on adults undergoing elective or urgent on-pump CABG surgery from 2013 to 2017 in Shiraz, Iran.

Potential Adverse Effects of Creatine Supplement on the Kidney in Athletes and Bodybuilders.

Introduction: Nowadays, creatine is one of the most common oral supplements used by professional athletes for boosting their strength and muscle mass. In this review, we collect available experimental and clinical data about renal safety of both short-term and long-term use of creatine.

Materials And Methods: Scientific literature was critically searched by keywords "creatine," "renal insufficiency," and "renal dysfunction" and their synonyms in medical databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBase, and ISI Web of Knowledge).

The Renal Safety of L-Carnitine, L-Arginine, and Glutamine in Athletes and Bodybuilders.

One of the major concerns about taking amino acid supplements is their potential adverse effects on the kidney as a major organ involved in the metabolism and excretion of exogenous substances. The aim of this study is to review available data about renal safety of the most prominent amino acid supplements including L-arginine, glutamine and also L-carnitine as well as creatine (as amino acid derivatives) in athletes and bodybuilders. The literature was searched by keywords such as "L-carnitine", "L-arginine", "glutamine", and "kidney injury" in databases such as Scopus, Medline, Embase, and ISI Web of Knowledge.

Proteinuria and Renal Dysfunction after Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is one of the most important microvascular complications among the patients with diabetes. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent enacts a key role in PDR. Some studies have dealt with the systemic exposure to these agents after intravitreal administration.

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control, and Correlates of Hypertension in the Pars Cohort Study.

Background: High blood pressure is an important risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity among Iranians. We aimed to estimate its prevalence, correlates, and its rate of awareness, treatment, and control in South of Iran.

Methods: The Pars Cohort Study (PCS) was launched in a district of Fars province.

Early clinical exposure program in learning renal physiology.

Introduction: Teaching renal physiology for undergraduate medical students in an understandable way using methods which improve their deep learning has always been a problem. In this study, Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) was used in teaching renal physiology for the second year medical students in Shiraz Medical School. This article aims to introduce and develop this program and also measure the attitude of medical students toward ECE in learning renal physiology.

Acute interstitial nephritis in the south of Iran; an observational study.

Background: Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is an emerging cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) during the recent years.

Objectives: There is no data about prevalence, causes, clinical manifestation and outcomes of AIN in our region. Hence, in this study we aimed to find the prevalence of AIN and describe the causes, clinical presentation, and the outcome of AIN in the native kidney biopsies.

Evaluating the resistance pattern of gram-negative bacteria during three years at the nephrology ward of a referral hospital in southwest of Iran.

Background: Gram-negative bacteria are associated with an increase in rates of antibacterial resistance. In most low- and middle-income countries such as Iran, there is no continuous surveillance system for antibiotic resistance.

Objective: The purpose of this survey was to determine the pattern of antimicrobial sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria within 3 consecutive years at a nephrology ward of Nemazee hospital in Shiraz.

Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin as a Biomarker of Kidney Injury in Hematologic-Oncologic Patients Receiving Amphotericin B.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the changing pattern of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) with serum as well as urine creatinine during amphotericin B treatment and determine its accuracy in the early detection of amphotericin B nephrotoxicity.

Materials And Methods: A cohort study was performed during 9 months at 3 hematology-oncology services. Patients aged 15 years and greater with no documented history of acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease, planned to receive any formulation of amphotericin B for at least 1 week, were included.

Acetazolamide and Hydrochlorothiazide Followed by Furosemide Versus Furosemide and Hydrochlorothiazide Followed by Furosemide for the Treatment of Adults With Nephrotic Edema: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Nephrotic edema is considered refractory if it does not respond to maximum or near-maximum doses of loop diuretics. This condition can be treated with loop diuretics and thiazides. However, animal studies show that the simultaneous downregulation of pendrin with acetazolamide and inhibition of the sodium-chloride cotransporter with hydrochlorothiazide generates significant diuresis, and furosemide administration following a pendrin inhibitor potentiates furosemide's diuretic effect.

Frequency and Associated Factors of Amphotericin B Nephrotoxicity in Hospitalized Patients in Hematology-Oncology Wards in the Southwest of Iran.

Background: Nephrotoxicity is the most clinically significant adverse reaction of amphotericin B. Different aspects of amphotericin B (AmB) nephrotoxicity have not been studied well in our population.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency, time onset, and possible associated factors of AmB nephrotoxicity in hospitalized patients in hematology-oncology wards in the southwest of Iran.

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Gram-positive bacteria during three consecutive years at the nephrology ward of a tertiary referral hospital in Shiraz, Southwest Iran.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive bacteria during three consecutive years at the nephrology ward of Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Southwest of Iran.

Methods: During a 3-year period from 2013 to 2015, data of all biological samples of hospitalized patients at the adult nephrology ward of Namazi Hospital were sent to the central laboratory for identification of Gram-positive microorganisms and subsequently, their antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method were analyzed in a retrospective manner.

Findings: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CONS) (38.

Comparison of Hemoglobin Levels Before and After Hemodialysis and Their Effects on Erythropoietin Dosing and Cost.

Background: Hemoglobin levels measured after hemodialysis, as compared to hemoglobin levels measured before hemodialysis, are suggested to be a more accurate reflection of the hemoglobin levels between hemodialysis sessions, and to be a better reference point for adjusting erythropoietin dosing.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the hemoglobin levels before and after hemodialysis, to calculate the required erythropoietin doses based on these levels, and to develop a model to predict effective erythropoietin dosing.

Patients And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the hemoglobin levels of 52 patients with end-stage renal disease were measured before and after hemodialysis.

Pars cohort study of non-communicable diseases in Iran: protocol and preliminary results.

Objectives: The pars cohort study (PCS) is a 10-year cohort study aiming to investigate the burden and the major risk factors of non-communicable diseases, and to establish a setting to launch interventions for prevention of these diseases and controlling their risk factors.

Methods: All inhabitants of Valashahr district in South of Iran, aged 40-75 years, were invited to undergo interviews and physical examination, and to provide biological samples. A total of 9264 invitees accepted to participate in the study (95 % participation rate) and were recruited from 2012 to 2014.

Usage Pattern and Serum Level Measurement of Amikacin in the Internal Medicine Ward of the Largest Referral Hospital in the South of Iran: A Pharmacoepidemiological Study.

Background: The inappropriate use of aminoglycosides has harmful effects such as the development of resistant pathogens and the incidence of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Therefore, drug utilization evaluation of these drugs may improve their usage remarkably. The aim of this study was to assess the usage pattern of amikacin in an internal medicine ward.

Intradialytic Oral Protein Supplementation and Nutritional and Inflammation Outcomes in Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Malnutrition is a common finding in hemodialysis patients and can increase oxidative stress and inflammation levels.

Study Design: A randomized, controlled, nonblinded, parallel trial.

Setting & Participants: 92 hemodialysis patients from a single center with malnutrition according to subjective global assessment (SGA) score (SGA score > 7).

The association between blood pressure level and serum uric acid concentration in hemodialysis patients.

Background: High blood pressure is a common condition in hemodialysis patients. Uric acid, which is high in these patients due to decreased clearance, had been shown to positively correlate with blood pressure in animal studies.

Objectives: The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of high uric acid level on blood pressure in these patients.

Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline explores new horizons in treatment of preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia, the leading cause of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality, initiates as inappropriate immune response to trophoblastic invasion impairs placentation and placental circulation. A poorly perfused placenta generates superoxide anions as well as anti-angiogenic factors and this series of events result in impairment of endothelial function, followed by maternal morbidities such as hypertension, kidney injury and proteinuria. Renal loss of anti-coagulant proteins and subsequent hyper-coagulable state along with endothelial dysfunction accelerates progression of the disease toward eclampsia.