Feline lung-digit syndrome: A differential diagnosis for shifting, waxing and waning lameness in a cat.

The clinical presentation, cytologic findings, radiographic findings, and postmortem assessment of a cat with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma with multiple digital metastasis are described. An unusual shifting, waxing and waning pattern of lameness, suspected to be an early manifestation of digital metastasis before any gross lesions were visible, was documented. Initial cytologic finding of a lung nodule was equivocal for diagnosis of neoplasia despite being strongly suspicious.

Thyroid cancer risk factors and Pakistani University students' awareness towards its preventive practice.

Objectives: Thyroid Cancer is one of the rarest cancers but its prevalence has been increasing worldwide for the last couple of decades.

Methods: The data collection tool was designed to assess knowledge, awareness, perception, and attitude towards preventive practices of thyroid cancer in Pakistani university students. The data were collected over a duration of six months and a total number of 3722 students participated.

Post-Myocardial Infarction T-tubules Form Enlarged Branched Structures With Dysregulation of Junctophilin-2 and Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN-1).

Background: Heart failure is a common secondary complication following a myocardial infarction (MI), characterized by impaired cardiac contraction and t-tubule (t-t) loss. However, post-MI nano-scale morphological changes to the remaining t-ts are poorly understood.

Method And Results: We utilized a porcine model of MI, using a nonlethal microembolization method to generate controlled microinfarcts.

Targeting caveolin-3 for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetes is a global health problem with more than 550 million people predicted to be diabetic by 2030. A major complication of diabetes is cardiovascular disease, which accounts for over two-thirds of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. This increased risk has led to the definition of a diabetic cardiomyopathy phenotype characterised by early left ventricular dysfunction with normal ejection fraction.

Overview of serotonin syndrome.

Background: Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a rare and potentially life-threatening toxic state caused by an adverse drug reaction that leads to excessive central and peripheral serotonergic activity. This excessive serotonin hyperstimulation may be secondary to 1 standard therapeutic dose of a single agent, inadvertent interactions between various drugs, intentionally or unintentionally excessive use of particular drugs, deliberate self-harm, or recreational use of certain drugs. This review article serves as an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, management, and prevention of SS.

The potential risks of commonly prescribed antipsychotics: during pregnancy and lactation.

Chlorpromazine, haloperidol, fluphenazine, clozapine, risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole are antipsychotics commonly used in psychiatric medicine. Approximately one third of pregnant women with psychotic symptoms use antipsychotics at least once. This review will discuss the effects of antipsychotic use during pregnancy and lactation on the fetus and infant.

Clozapine: a clinical review of adverse effects and management.

Clozapine (Clozaril) is a novel and unique prototype atypical, tricyclic, dibenzodiazepine-derivative, antipsychotic agent. It has been proven effective and significantly superior to placebo, as well as to conventional neuroleptics, in several placebo-controlled, double-blind studies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It has also been found to produce an incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) as low as that found with placebo.

Effects of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) during pregnancy and lactation.

The decision to use psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and lactation must depend upon considerations of teratogenicity, effects on fetal and neonatal behavior and development, and a concern for the health and safety of the mother. Pregnancy itself can exacerbate anxiety symptoms, as well as alter the pharmacokinetics of antianxiety drugs; it thus presents a special problem to the clinician treating anxiety disorder in women. Since almost all psychotropic drugs cross the placenta, the use of medications during pregnancy and lactation requires critical attention to the timing of exposure, dosage, duration of use, and fetal susceptibility.

Diazepam use during pregnancy: a review of the literature.

Antianxiety medications such as benzodiazepines (BZDs) are frequently and appropriately used to ameliorate the anxiety symptoms of depression, dysthymic disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorder, and many personality disorders. Pregnancy may be accompanied by anxiety necessitating therapeutic intervention by anxiolytic drugs like BZD. Keeping in view the potential risks of teratogenicity and direct neonatal toxicity, BZDs with established safety records should be used, while avoiding exposure in the first trimester, especially with multidrug regimens, and prescribing the lowest dose for the shortest duration.

Osteoporosis: a review.

Osteoporosis, a systemic progressive disease, is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in aging postmenopausal women. It is an important public health problem because of its significant complications, namely fractures of the proximal femur (hip), vertebrae (spine), distal forearm, proximal humerus, pelvis, and other skeletal sites. Compared with other osteoporotic fractures, hip fractures incur the greatest morbidity and direct medical costs for health services.

Effects of commonly used benzodiazepines on the fetus, the neonate, and the nursing infant.

Objective: Despite the widespread use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy and lactation, little information is available about their effect on the developing fetus and on nursing infants. The authors review what is currently known about the effects of benzodiazepine therapy on the fetus and on nursing infants.

Methods: A MEDLINE search of the literature between 1966 and 2000 was conducted with the terms "benzodiazepines," "diazepam," "chlordiazepoxide," "clonazepam," "lorazepam," "alprazolam," "pregnancy," "lactation," "fetus," and "neonates.