Evaluation of the ameliorative effects of oral administration of metformin on epileptogenesis in the temporal lobe epilepsy model in rats.

Aims: Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis is necessary to target the best therapeutic interventions in epilepsy. Recently, it has been postulated that metformin, an old antidiabetic oral drug, has anti-seizure properties mostly due to its antioxidant activities. This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of metformin on the progression of epilepsy in the temporal lobe epilepsy model in rats.

2-Deoxyglucose protects hippocampal neurons against kainate-induced temporal lobe epilepsy by modulating monocyte-derived macrophages (mo-MΦ) and progranulin production in the hippocampus.

Inflammation is an important factor in the pathology of epilepsy with the hallmarks of resident microglia activation and infiltration of circulating monocytes in the damaged area. In the case of recovery and tissue repair, some monocytes change to macrophages (mo-MΦ) to enhance tissue repair. 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) is an analog of glucose capable of protecting the brain, and progranulin is a neurotrophic factor produced mainly by microglia and has an inflammation modulator effect.