Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of Populations from Economic and Wild Host Plants in Iran.

Grey mould disease, caused by various species, poses a significant threat to important plants worldwide. This study aimed to characterize populations on strawberry and roses, economically relevant host plants, and raspberry, used as a representative of wild plants, in Iran. A total of 389 isolates were collected and analyzed based on morphological features and haplotyping using molecular markers, transposable elements ( and ), and fungicide response.

A reference transcriptome for walnut anthracnose pathogen, Ophiognomonia leptostyla, guides the discovery of candidate virulence genes.

Despite the economic losses due to the walnut anthracnose, Ophiognomonia leptostyla is an orphan fungus with respect to genomic resources. In the present study, the transcriptome of O. leptostyla was assembled for the first time.

In vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of Iranian Fusarium isolates: Emphasising on the potent inhibitory effect of efinaconazole compared to other drugs.

Background: Fusarium species are opportunistic human pathogens that remarkably cause fungal infections ranging from superficial to fatal invasive disseminated infections. Fusarium species are notoriously resistant to the majority of antifungal agents.

Objectives: Therefore, detailed studies regarding in vitro susceptibility are required and may lead to a better prognosis of severe infections.

Stb6 mediates stomatal immunity, photosynthetic functionality, and the antioxidant system during the -wheat interaction.

This study offers new perspectives on the biochemical and physiological changes that occur in wheat following a gene-for-gene interaction with the fungal pathogen . The isolate IPO323, carries , while , lacks . The wheat cultivar (cv.

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Miltefosine against a Collection of Azole and Echinocandins Resistant Strains.

species are filamentous fungi that cause a variety of infections in humans. Because they are commonly resistant to many antifungal drugs currently available in clinical settings, research into alternative targets in fungal cells and therapeutic approaches is required. The antifungal activity of miltefosine and four comparators, amphotericin B, voriconazole, itraconazole, and caspofungin, were tested in vitro against a collection of susceptible and resistant clinical ( = 68) and environmental ( = 42) isolates.

Fungal diversity notes 1387-1511: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa.

This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, (), ( genus ) and () are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies.

Key criteria for engineering mycotoxin binding aptamers via computational simulations: Aflatoxin B1 as a case study.

Due to the difficulties in monoclonal antibody production specific to mycotoxins, aptameric probes have been considered as suitable alternatives. The low efficiency of the SELEX procedure in screening high affinity aptamers for binding mycotoxins as small molecules can be significantly improved through computational techniques. Previously, we designed five new aptamers to aflatoxin B (AFB1) based on a known aptamer sequence (Patent: PCT/CA2010/001 292, Apt1) through a genetic algorithm-based in silico maturation strategy and experimentally measured their affinity to the target toxin.

Genetic structure of Fusarium verticillioides populations from maize in Iran.

Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important fungal pathogens of maize since it causes severe yield losses and produces the mycotoxins fumonisins that represent a major concern for human and animal health. Information about genetic diversity and population structure of fungal pathogens is essential for developing disease management strategies. The aim of this research was to investigate the genetic structure of F.

Strain improvement of spp. through two-step protoplast fusion for cellulase production enhancement.

Fungal protoplast fusion is an approach to introduce novel characteristics into industrially important strains. Cellulases, essential enzymes with a wide range of biotechnological applications, are produced by many species of the filamentous fungi In this study, a collection of 60 natural isolates were screened for Avicel and carboxymethyl cellulose degradation, and two cellulase producers of and were used for protoplast fusion. One of the resulting hybrids with improved cellulase activity, C1-3, was fused with the hyperproducer Rut-C30.

Tracing the Origin and Evolutionary History of Infecting Maize and Barnyard Grass.

Blast disease is a notorious fungal disease leading to dramatic yield losses on major food crops such as rice and wheat. The causal agent, , encompasses different lineages, each having a different host range. Host shifts are suspected to have occurred in this species from spp.

In silico maturation of affinity and selectivity of DNA aptamers against aflatoxin B for biosensor development.

A high affinity and selectivity DNA aptamer for aflatoxin B (AFB) was designed through Genetic Algorithm (GA) based in silico maturation (ISM) strategy. The sequence of a known AFB aptamer (Patent: PCT/CA2010/001292, Apt1) applied as a probe in many aptasensors was modified using seven GA rounds to generate an initial library and three different generations of ss DNA oligonucleotides as new candidate aptamers. Molecular docking methodology was used to screen and analyze the best aptamer-AFB complexes.

Isolation, Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Profile of Fusarium Species Isolated from Maize Kernels in Iran.

species are among the most important fungal pathogens of maize, where they cause severe reduction of yield and accumulation of a wide range of harmful mycotoxins in the kernels. In order to identify the species and their mycotoxin profiles associated to maize ear rot and kernel contamination in Iran, a wide sampling was carried out from field in ten major maize-producing provinces in Iran, during 2015 and 2016. From 182 samples of maize kernels, 551 strains were isolated and identified as belonging to genus.

Correction: Population Genetic Structure of Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) in Iran.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Population Genetic Structure of Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) in Iran.

The population genetic structure of 278 Venturia inaequalis isolates, collected from different apple cultivars of eighteen different provinces in Iran, was investigated using 22 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Analysis of molecular variation, Bayesian clustering and Nei's genetic distance analyses based on 88 microsatellite alleles indicated substantial levels of gene flow among the collection sites. Ninety three percent of the variation was observed among the individuals within the populations and only 7% variation was observed among the populations.

Effects of dog rose and watercress extracts on control of green mould decay and postharvest quality of orange fruits.

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and IC50 values and total phenolics of dog rose fruits were 72.5-80 μL mL(- 1), 130 μg mL(- 1) and 5.7 mg GA g(- 1), respectively.

Survey of Thymus migricus essential oil on aflatoxin inhibition in Aspergillus flavus.

Essential oil components as result of non host disease resistance of plants have high capability to introduce as alternative of chemical pesticides. Thymus migricus essential oil was selected to investigation of its antifungal activity on survival and growth of Aspergillus flavus. For obtain essential oil first Leaves and flowers of Th.

Antifungal activity of some essential oils against toxigenic Aspergillus species.

Increasing attentions have been paid on the application of essential oils and plant extracts for control of postharvest pathogens due to their natural origin and less appearance of resistance in fungi pathogens. Some Aspergillus species are toxigenic and responsible for many cases of food and feed contamination. Some Toxins that produce with some Aspergillus species are known to be potent hepatocarcinogens in animals and humans.

Differentiation of Magnaporthe species complex by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting.

Rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnoporthe grisea is responsible for considerable damages on rice and leaf spot on some weeds in Iran and in other parts of the world. Infected samples were collected from rice and weeds including Digitaria sanguinalis (crabgrass), Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard millet), and some unknown weeds during 1997-2005 and were preserved in collection of Mycology at the University of Tehran, Iran. In this study, genetic diversity of Magnaporthe grisea species complex isolates was studied based on DNA fingerprinting by rep-PCR, using of two primers including ERIC and BOX.

Detection of phlD gene in some fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from Iran and its relative with antifungal activities.

Fluorescent pseudomonads that produce antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglocinol (2,4-DAPG) are important group of PGRP that inhibit a broad spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi. Studying on genetic diversity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent pseudomonads has been shown with special importance. The first step to investigate the genetic diversity of these bacteria is detecting of the genes required for the biosynthesis of this antibiotic.

Origin and domestication of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola via sympatric speciation.

The Fertile Crescent represents the center of origin and earliest known place of domestication for many cereal crops. During the transition from wild grasses to domesticated cereals, many host-specialized pathogen species are thought to have emerged. A sister population of the wheat-adapted pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola was identified on wild grasses collected in northwest Iran.