The Use of Anterograde Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Balloons in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: A Cost-Effective Alternative to the Traditional Dacryoplasty Balloons.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of commonly available coronary angioplasty balloon catheters as a low-cost alternative to the traditional dacryoplasty catheters in select patients of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Methods: A prospective, interventional study was performed between July 2018 and December 2018 in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, who underwent balloon dacryoplasty using the coronary angioplasty balloon catheters (2.75 × 10 mm, SPALNO, Cardiomac, Haryana, India).

Lacrimal drainage anomalies in Tessier cleft 3 with unilateral anophthalmos.

Bilateral Tessier cleft types 3 and 4 are rare and commonly involve the lacrimal drainage system owing to their anatomical location. Such clefts commonly present with associated ocular anomalies and include colobomatous eyelids, hypertelorism, microphthalmia, punctal or canalicular agenesis, and nasolacrimal duct obstruction or exstrophy. The current report presents an 18-month-old baby with bilateral Tessier cleft 3 with a unilateral anophthalmos, symmetrical eyelid colobomas, and lacrimal drainage anomalies.

Congenital canaliculops with punctal agenesis: is there a possibility to establish patency?

Canaliculops is a non-inflammatory dilatation of the canaliculus which can be secondary to trauma, punctal agenesis, herpetic infections or chronic drug use. This condition can affect either canaliculi and has shown female preponderance. Treatment described so far has consisted of cyst marsupialization with no literature on the post-operative epiphora in these cases.

Valve of Rosenmüller: Endoscopic Real-Time Analysis of Two Subtypes and Potential Functional Implications.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the endoscopic anatomy of the valve of Rosenmüller in real-time and its potential functional implications.

Methods: High-definition endoscopic documentation of the valve of Rosenmüller (VOR) during 50 powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy over a period of 2 years were reviewed. The presence or absence of the valves were assessed and when present, each of the valves were studied for their anatomical configuration, shape, precise location, and changes with opening and closing of the internal common opening (ICO) and with the presence and absence of the probe.

Poorly differentiated primary adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal sac and the nasolacrimal duct.

Primary adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal drainage system is a rare malignancy. Poorly differentiated subtypes of this tumor demonstrate aggressive behaviors, and metastasis is not uncommon. We present a patient with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct with an orbital extension.

Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Botox and Neuronox in the Management of Benign Essential Blepharospasm: A Split-face Study.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of Botox and Neuronox in the management of benign essential blepharospasm (BEB).

Methods: We performed a triple-masked, randomized control study to compare Botox and Neuronox in 48 eyes of 24 patients with BEB. All 24 patients randomly received Botox or Neuronox in the periorbital region in a masked, randomized split-face manner, keeping the injection sites and doses uniform.

Lacrimal Drainage Anomalies in CHARGE Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Literature.

The common ocular manifestations of CHARGE syndrome include colobomatous defects in the eye, strabismus, nystagmus, and micropthalmia. Lacrimal drainage anomalies have been rarely reported and to the best of the authors' knowledge, only 5 such cases have been reported earlier. The present case describes CHARGE syndrome associated with bilateral complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with multiple prior attacks of acute dacryocystitis and left lower punctal agenesis, successfully managed with a right-sided dacryocystorhinostomy and awaiting a left dacryocystorhinostomy.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Features of the Canalicular Entrance Into the Lacrimal Sac.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the ultrastructural features of the canalicular entrance into the lacrimal sac.

Methods: Ten openings of the common canaliculus into the lacrimal sac from 10 lacrimal sacs obtained during a dacryocystectomy were studied. Each of the openings were completely excised with 3-4 mm margins on all sides and transported to the laboratory in 2.

Study of Unilateral Retinoblastoma With and Without Histopathologic High-Risk Features and the Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Children's Oncology Group Study.

Purpose: To prospectively determine the prevalence of high-risk histopathologic features (HRFs) in patients with unilateral retinoblastoma who undergo enucleation and to evaluate the role of chemotherapy in preventing recurrences.

Patients And Methods: Children newly diagnosed with enucleated unilateral retinoblastoma were enrolled prospectively. After central histopathology review, patients with specific HRFs received chemotherapy; others were observed.

Alteration of Tear Cytokine Expressions in Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction - Potential Insights into the Etiopathogenesis.

: To investigate the presence and level of 35 distinct cytokines in the tear fluid obtained from patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and compare it with controls in an effort to understand the disease etiopathogenesis.: Standard protocols were used for collecting tears from 60 eyes (20 diseased eyes and 20 healthy fellow eyes of unilateral PANDO, 20 control eyes of healthy subjects). A total of 35 analytes involved in inflammation, angiogenesis and wound healing were assessed by multiplex ELISA.

An update on endoscopic mechanical and powered dacryocystorhinostomy in acute dacryocystitis and lacrimal abscess.

Purpose: To provide a brief review of the literature on the utility and outcomes of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in patients with acute dacryocystitis (ADC) and lacrimal abscess.

Methods: The authors performed a PubMed search of all articles published in English on endoscopic powered or mechanical DCR performed during the stage of acute dacryocystitis. Data captured include demographics, clinical presentations, time interval to surgery, intraoperative challenges, post-operative course, complications and outcomes.

Lymphoproliferative tumors involving the lacrimal drainage system: a major review.

Purpose: To provide a literature review on lymphoproliferative lesions involving the lacrimal drainage system.

Methods: The authors performed a pubmed search of all articles published in English on lymphoma/leukemia of lacrimal sac and the nasolacrimal duct. Data analyzed include prevalence, demographics, clinical presentations, treatment outcomes of primary versus secondary lacrimal involvement, and recurrence rates.

Lacrimal drainage system anomalies in microphthalmia anophthalmia coloboma complex.

: To study the prevalence and types of lacrimal drainage system (LDS) anomalies inchildren with congenital microphthalmia anophthalmia coloboma (MAC) complex.: This is a prospective, consecutive, non-comparative, case series of LDS anomalies in 31 children presenting with MAC complex. Previously untreated children with MAC complex, enrolled for socket surface and volume expansion during the study period from January 2017 to April 2018 were included.

A Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dacryoendoscopy.

Purpose: To provide a systematic review of the literature on diagnostic and therapeutic indications, techniques, utility, and complications of dacryoendoscopy (DEN).

Methods: The authors performed a PubMed search of articles published in English/German/Japanese/Chinese on DEN. Data captured include evolution and techniques, diagnostic utility, therapeutic interventions, outcomes, and limitations.

A major review on disorders of the animal lacrimal drainage systems: Evolutionary perspectives and comparisons with humans.

Purpose: To provide a systematic review of the literature on the disorders and management of the lacrimal drainage system (LDS) in few of the species of the animal kingdom.

Methods: The authors performed a PubMed search of all articles that were published in English with specific reference to lacrimal drainage disorders in animals. Data captured include demographics, presentations, investigation, diagnoses and management modalities.

Malignant Eyelid Tumors in India: A Study of 536 Asian Indian Patients.

Purpose: To study the proportion of eyelid malignant tumors in an Asian Indian population and to review their clinical features and outcomes.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 536 patients.

Results: The mean age at presentation with eyelid malignancy was 58 years.

Dacryocystography: From theory to current practice.

Purpose: To provide a review and an update on dacryocystography (DCG) and its relevance in the current era.

Methods: The authors performed a PubMed search of all articles published in English on DCG, digital subtraction-DCG (DS-DCG), computed tomographic DCG (CT-DCG) and magnetic resonance-DCG (MR-DCG). Data analyzed include the indications, techniques, interpretations, complication and limitations.

Prolactin and Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) in the pathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).

Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is a syndrome of unknown etiology, predominantly affecting post-menopausal females, characterized by progressive inflammation, fibrosis and subsequent obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. Numerous factors have been proposed as possible etiologic factors and include anatomical configuration, ocular and nasal infections, peri-lacrimal vascular disorders, hormonal influence, lacrimal drainage lymphoid tissue, gastroesophageal reflux disease, topical medications, swimming pool exposure, smoking, genetic factors, autonomic and lysosomal dysregulation. The authors hypothesize Prolactin (PRL) and Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) play a role in the etiopathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Lacrimal Sac Mucopeptide Concretions.

Purpose: To investigate the presence and distribution patterns of proteins in the lacrimal sac mucopeptide concretions.

Methods: The study was performed on 10 mucopeptide concretions obtained from the lacrimal sac during an endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Immunohistochemical labeling was performed for assessing the presence and distribution of von Willebrand factor, fibronectin, collagen I, collagen III, human beta-defensin 2, beta-defensin 3, lysozyme, prolactin, cytokeratin (CK)-CK4, CK7, CK18, immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), psoriasin (S100-A7), and migration inhibitory factor-related protein (MRP14/S100-A9).

Outcomes of primary powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in syndromic congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

: To evaluate the outcomes of powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in syndromic individuals with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).: A retrospective multicenter case series of patients who required a primary powered endoscopic DCR for refractory CNLDO associated with syndromes or congenital craniofacial abnormalities was performed. A minimum follow-up of more than 6 months was considered for final analysis.