Polymorphisms and expression levels of TNP2, SYCP3, and AZFa genes in patients with azoospermia.

Objective: Azoospermia (the total absence of sperm in the ejaculate) affects approximately 10% of infertile males. Despite diagnostic advances, azoospermia remains the most challenging issue associated with infertility treatment. Our study evaluated transition nuclear protein 2 (TNP2) and synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3) polymorphisms, azoospermia factor a (AZFa) microdeletion, and gene expression levels in 100 patients with azoospermia.

HTLV, a multi organ oncovirus.

Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus that has been recognized as a causative agent of two crucidal diseases, HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and Adult T cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (ATLL). The virus not only induces those diseases in a small proportion of HTLV-I carriers (3-5%) but also it is associated with other diseases such as HTLV-I-Associated Arthropathy (HAAP), Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma (CTCL), Graves' disease, uveitis, polymyositis, chronic respiratory diseases, lymphadenitis and dermatitis. Furthermore, HTLV related and accelerated disorders were more investigated, and the factors that might implicate in the development or progression of diseases have been discussed.