Screening and quantification of antibiotic residues in poultry products and feed in selected areas of Bangladesh.

Background And Aim: Antibiotic residues in livestock farming have been identified as a potential cause of antimicrobial resistance in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine whether antibiotic residues were present in the chicken meat, eggs, feces, and feed collected from all four districts in the Mymensingh division of Bangladesh.

Materials And Methods: To detect antibiotic residues in the collected samples, qualitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used.

Safety and efficacy of Empagliflozin in Pakistani Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes (SAFE-PAK); a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Sodium-Glucose-Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (Empagliflozin) is an effective drug in controlling blood glucose through predominantly glycosuria. Glycosuria increases the risk of genitourinary infections in diabetes. This study was aimed to establish the safety and efficacy of Empagliflozin (Group-A) versus standard care (Group-B) in Pakistani Muslim individuals with type 2 diabetes.

A Real-World Observational Study of Gla-300 in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Who Fast During Ramadan in the South Asia Region: A Subgroup Analysis of the ORION Study.

Introduction: In this ORION study subgroup analysis, the safety and effectiveness of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) was evaluated in people from the South Asia region with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) before, during, and after Ramadan, in a real-world setting.

Methods: The ORION study was a real-world, prospective, observational, non-comparative study conducted across 11 countries. The current subgroup analysis included participants from the South Asia region (India and Pakistan) who fasted during Ramadan.

Asymptomatic urinary tract infections and associated risk factors in Pakistani Muslim type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: One of the leading long-term complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) includes renal dysfunction and urinary tract infections (UTI) which are considered to be prevalent in uncontrolled diabetes. Moreover, physiological factors like age, gender, duration of diabetes, other diabetic complications like neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy and glycosuria are also considered as predisposing factors for increased prevalence of UTI in diabetes which can be symptomatic or asymptomatic.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multi-centre study including diabetic patients from 12 clinical sites spread across major cities of Pakistan.

Surface barrier discharges for Escherichia coli biofilm inactivation: Modes of action and the importance of UV radiation.

Cold plasma generated in air at atmospheric pressure is an extremely effective antimicrobial agent, with proven efficacy against clinically relevant bacterial biofilms. The specific mode of bacterial inactivation is highly dependent upon the configuration of the plasma source used. In this study, the mode of microbial inactivation of a surface barrier discharge was investigated against Escherichia coli biofilms grown on polypropylene coupons.

Effects of adding psychosocial stimulation for children of lactating mothers using an unconditional cash transfer platform on neurocognitive behavior of children in rural Bangladesh: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is sufficient evidence that psychosocial stimulation (PS) benefits children's neurocognitive behavior, however, there is no information on how it works when delivered through an Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) platform for poor rural population in developing countries. The objective of this study is to measure effects of adding PS for children of lactating mothers enrolled to receive UCT with health education (HE) on neurocognitive behavior of children in rural Bangladesh.

Methods: The study will be conducted at 11 unions of Ullapara sub-district in Bangladesh.

Integrating an early childhood development programme into Bangladeshi primary health-care services: an open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: Poor development in young children in developing countries is a major problem. Child development experts are calling for interventions that aim to improve child development to be integrated into health services, but there are few robust evaluations of such programmes. Previous small Bangladeshi trials that used individual play sessions with mothers and their children (at home or in clinics), which were predominantly run by employed women, found moderate improvements on child development.

The generation and transport of reactive nitrogen species from a low temperature atmospheric pressure air plasma source.

The reactive chemical species generated by non-equilibrium plasma under atmospheric pressure conditions are key enablers for many emerging applications spanning the fields of biomedicine, manufacturing and agriculture. Despite showing great application potential, insight in to the underpinning reactive species generation and transport mechanisms remains scarce. This contribution focuses on the spatiotemporal behaviour of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) created and transported by an atmospheric pressure air surface barrier discharge (SBD) using both laser induced fluorescence and particle imaging velocimetry measurements combined with experimentally validated numerical modelling.

Anti-Ascaris immunoglobulin E associated with bronchial hyper-reactivity in 9-year-old rural Bangladeshi children.

Background: Studies have addressed the immunomodulatory effects of helminths and their protective effects upon asthma. However, anti-Ascaris IgE has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of asthma symptoms. We examined the association between serum levels of anti-Ascaris IgE and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) in children living in rural Bangladesh.

Comparison of hypoglycaemia episodes in people with type-2 diabetes fasting in Ramazan, treated with vildaglipton or sulphonylurea: results of the Pakistani cohort of the VIRTUE study.

Objective: To assess the effect of vildagliptin in comparison to sulphonylurea (SU) on hypoglycaemia in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan.

Methods: VIRTUE was a multicenter, prospective, observational study, which enrolled 244 patients from Pakistan who were re-analysed. All included patients were treated with vildagliptin (n=121) or SU (n=121) as add-on to metformin or as monotherapy for 16 weeks.

Predictive and explanatory factors of change in HbA1c in a 24-week observational study of 66,726 people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin analogs.

Objective: Individualization of therapy choices requires the prediction of likely response. Predictor and explanatory factors of change in HbA1c were studied using data from a large observational study of starting insulin analog therapy (the A1chieve study).

Research Design And Methods: Univariate analyses were performed for insulin-naive people and prior insulin users in the A1chieve study.

Clinical experience with insulin detemir in patients with type 2 diabetes from the near East countries.

Introduction: This study aimed at determining the clinical safety and efficacy of insulin detemir (IDet) in combination with oral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients from four Near East Countries (Israel, Jordan, Pakistan and Lebanon).

Methods: This prospective observational study included T2D patients previously on OADs and newly diagnosed patients initiating IDet with or without OADs, at the discretion of physicians. Safety objectives included evaluation of hypoglycemia and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from baseline to Week 24.

Biphasic insulin aspart 30 in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes in non-western nations: results from a regional comparative multinational observational study (A(1)chieve).

Background: A1chieve(®) (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark) was a prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study in 66,726 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 28 countries beginning biphasic insulin aspart 30 (aspart premix), insulin detemir, or insulin aspart in routine clinical care.

Subjects And Methods: A subgroup of 27,594 insulin-naive people began therapy with aspart premix with or without oral agents. Safety and effectiveness data were taken from clinic records at baseline and after 24 weeks.

Safety and effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in different age-groups: a1chieve sub-analysis.

Introduction: Effective management of type 2 diabetes requires sustained glycemic control over many years, which can be particularly challenging for elderly people. This sub-analysis of the A1chieve study evaluated the clinical safety and effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in 3 age-groups (≤40, >40-65, and >65 years) of previously insulin-experienced and insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A1chieve was an international, multicenter, prospective, open-label, non-interventional, 24-week study in people with type 2 diabetes who had been receiving anti-diabetes medication before starting, or switching to, therapy with biphasic insulin aspart 30, insulin detemir or insulin aspart (alone or in combination) in routine clinical practice.