Evaluating the effect of functionally graded materials on bone remodeling around dental implants.

Objectives: This study evaluates the potential for osseointegration and remodeling of customized dental implants made from Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Functionally Graded Material (Ti-HAP FGM) with optimized geometry, using the finite element method (FEM).

Methods: The study utilized CT scan images to model and assemble various geometrical designs of dental implants in a mandibular slice. The mechanical properties of Ti-HAP FGMs were computed by varying volume fractions (VF) of hydroxyapatite (0-20%), and a bone remodeling algorithm was used to evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of the ultimate bone configuration in the peri-implant tissue.