A Comparative Review on the Production of Factor VIII in Human and Non-human Hosts.

Hemophilia A (HA) is an inherited condition that is characterized by a lack of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), which is needed for blood clotting. To produce recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) for treatment, innovative methods are required. This study presents a thorough examination of the genetic engineering and biotechnological methods that are essential for the production of this complex process.

Biomass and hydrocarbon production from Botryococcus braunii: A review focusing on cultivation methods.

Botryococcus braunii has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its ability to produce high amounts of renewable hydrocarbons through photosynthesis. As the world shifts towards a greener future and seeks alternative sources of energy, the cultivation of B. braunii and the extraction of its hydrocarbons can potentially provide a viable solution.

Cationic cellulose filter papers modified with ZnO/Ag/GO nanocomposite as point of use gravity-driven filters for bacterial removal from water.

The surface modification of filters with large pore sizes for the development of low-cost gravity-driven point-of-use (POU) technologies for water disinfection can be an effective strategy to empower people to access safe water instantly, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, the surface of commercial cellulose filter papers, as cheap and bio-based filters, was modified with polydopamine (PDA), polyethyleneimine (PEI) and ZnO/Ag/GO nanocomposite (ZnO/Ag/GO@PDA/PEI papers) for bacterial removal from water. PDA/PEI incorporation introduced a cationic functional layer, which can entrap negative bacteria and make a stable chemical bond with the nanocomposite.

Cultivation of Mixed Microalgae Using Municipal Wastewater: Biomass Productivity, Nutrient Removal, and Biochemical Content.

Background: Microalgal biotechnology has gained much attention previously. Monoculture algae cultivation has been carried out extensively in the last decades. However, although the mixed microalgae cultivation has some advantageous over pure cultures, there is still a lack of knowledge about the performance of mixed cultures.

Development of Digital Image Processing as an Innovative Method for Activated Sludge Biomass Quantification.

Activated sludge process is the most common method for biological treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater. One of the most important parameters in performance of activated sludge systems is quantitative monitoring of biomass to keep the cell concentration in an optimum range. In this study, a novel method for activated sludge quantification based on image processing and RGB analysis is proposed.

Autotrophic granulation of hydrogen consumer denitrifiers and microalgae for nitrate removal from drinking water resources at different hydraulic retention times.

To avoid hydrogen injection and to enhance the settleability of microbial biomass in biological treatment of nitrate-contaminated drinking water resources, a new method based on granulation of a mixture of hydrogen consumer denitrifiers (HCD) and microalgae is introduced. Decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) was applied as the selection pressure in an up-flow photobioreactor to increase the speed of granulation and nitrate removal under autotrophic condition during a 50-day operation. Formation of granules occurred at three phases including granule nucleation, growth of granule, and mature granule, with decreasing the values of ζ-potential from -19 mV to -4 mV.

A pH-sensitive delivery system based on N-succinyl chitosan-ZnO nanoparticles for improving antibacterial and anticancer activities of curcumin.

Inherent selective cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and unique physicochemical properties of ZnO nanostructures and chitosan (CS) make them promising candidates for drug delivery. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles functionalized by N-succinyl chitosan as a pH-sensitive delivery system were synthesized to enhance the therapeutic potential of curcumin (CUR). CS coated-ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a co-precipitation method in the presence of CS.

Flower-like curcumin-loaded folic acid-conjugated ZnO-MPA- βcyclodextrin nanostructures enhanced anticancer activity and cellular uptake of curcumin in breast cancer cells.

Non-spherical structures are beneficial to advance drug delivery effectiveness compared with common spherical ones, due to increased drug loading capability, improved bonding to a vascular wall, enhanced cellular uptake efficacy and prolonged circulation times. In this study, flower-like Zinc oxide-βcyclodextrin (βCD) nanostructures functionalized by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as a non-spherical delivery system was successfully synthesized for aqueous delivery of curcumin (CUR) to enhance its targeting, bioavailability, and release profile. Terminal carboxyl functional groups were used for the conjugation of folic acid (FA) with the aim of active targeting to folate overexpressing breast cancer cells.

The impact of morphology and size of zinc oxide nanoparticles on its toxicity to the freshwater microalga, Raphidocelis subcapitata.

Microalgae are key test organisms to assess the effects of chemicals on aquatic ecosystems. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as a widely used metal oxide is considered a potential threat to these primary producers at the base of the food chain. This study investigates the toxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and Zn to the representative of freshwater microalgae, Raphidocelis subcapitata.

Cellulose acetate electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery systems: Applications and recent advances.

Electrospinning process of nanofibers specially derivatives of cellulose presents high behest for developing several kinds of novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to their specific characteristics, the simplicity, beneficial and impressive top-down fabricating procedure. Moreover, the novel techniques of therapeutic agents for entrapment into core-shell nanofibers including single, coaxial and triaxial applied for DDSs. Recently, biodegradable polymers including derivatives of cellulose, hybrid materials, artificial and natural polymers have been remarkably considered.

Optimal strategies for bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater and microalgae biomass production.

Optimizing the mono-cultivation and mixed cultivation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, and an Ettlia sp. was evaluated for treating nitrate-contaminated groundwater and biomass production. Ettlia sp.

Cost-effective batch production process of scFv antibody in Escherichia coli.

Background: Cost-effective production of antibody (Ab) fragments is of great interests of many pharmaceutical industries, in large part due to their high usages in research, diagnosis and therapy. Thus, the production of Abs necessitates accomplishment of the optimal strategies.

Objective: In this study, based on the induction start time using arabinose, we implemented a novel strategy for the cost-effective production of single chain variable fragment (scFv) in Escherichia coli (E.

Osmotic conditions could promote scFv antibody production in the HB2151.

Single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies are reduced forms of the whole antibodies that could be regarded as an alternative tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The optimization of processes and environmental conditions is necessary to increase the production yields and enhance the productivity. This can result in a cost-effective process and respond to the high demand for these antibodies.

Phosphorus optimization for simultaneous nitrate-contaminated groundwater treatment and algae biomass production using Ettlia sp.

The effects of phosphorus concentration on the cell growth, nutrient assimilation, photosynthetic parameters, and biomass recovery of Ettlia sp. were evaluated with batch experiments using groundwater, 50mg/L of N-NO, and different concentrations of P-PO: 0.5, 2.

Functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles by 3-mercaptopropionic acid for aqueous curcumin delivery: Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer assessment.

Inherent biocompatibility and stability of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and their biomedical potentials make them an emerging candidate for drug delivery. The aim of this study was to develop and assess a simple procedure for surface functionalization of ZnO-NPs by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) for water-soluble curcumin delivery. Carboxyl-terminated ZnO nanoparticles were successfully made using ZnCl and NaOH in the presence of MPA.

Nitrate removal from drinking water with a focus on biological methods: a review.

This article summarizes several developed and industrial technologies for nitrate removal from drinking water, including physicochemical and biological techniques, with a focus on autotrophic nitrate removal. Approaches are primarily classified into separation-based and elimination-based methods according to the fate of the nitrate in water treatment. Biological denitrification as a cost-effective and promising method of biological nitrate elimination is reviewed in terms of its removal process, applicability, efficiency, and associated disadvantages.

Dielectric monitoring and respirometric activity of a high cell density activated sludge.

A novel method was developed to assess the viability of activated sludge present in a biological wastewater treatment process and signify its distinction from respirometric activity. The respirometric activity and viability of activated sludge at high cell density, such as typically encountered in membrane bioreactors, were investigated in batch and fed-batch systems. The method for measuring the viability of activated sludge was based on the sludge permittivity monitored online by a capacitive sensor.

Biomass characterization by dielectric monitoring of viability and oxygen uptake rate measurements in a novel membrane bioreactor.

The application of permittivity and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) as biological process control parameters in a wastewater treatment system was evaluated. Experiments were carried out in a novel airlift oxidation ditch membrane bioreactor under different organic loading rates (OLR). Permittivity as representative of activated sludge viability was measured by a capacitive on-line sensor.

Fouling mitigation in membrane bioreactors using multivalent cations.

Several cations have been used to study the effect of mineral coagulants on activated sludge properties and membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs). The flocculability and settling properties of activated sludge were studied in various concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, ferrum (in Fe(3+) form), and aluminum. Significant effect of cations and their concentrations on different parameters have been analyzed by 2-way ANOVA.

Soluble microbial products (SMPs) release in activated sludge systems: a review.

This review discusses the characterization, production and implications of soluble microbial products (SMPs) in biological wastewater treatment. The precise definition of SMPs is open to talk about, but is currently regarded as "the pool of organic compounds that are released into solution from substrate metabolism and biomass decay"'. Some of the SMPs have been identified as humic acids, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, antibiotics, extracellular enzymes and structural components of cells and products of energy metabolism.

The comparision of Coprinus cinereus peroxidase enzyme and TiO2 catalyst for phenol removal.

This article investigates phenol removal from an aqueous solution by using enzymatic and photocatalytic methods and the efficiency of these methods has been compared. In enzymatic and photocatalytic methods, Coprinus cinereus, peroxidase enzyme and commercial TiO(2) powders (Degussa P-25) in aqueous suspension were used, respectively, in ambient temperature. The effects of different operating parameters such as duration of process, catalyst dosage or enzyme concentration, pH of the solution, initial phenol concentration and H(2)O(2) concentration on both processes were examined.

Scale up and application of biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis in Enhanced Oil recovery.

There is a lack of fundamental knowledge about the scale up of biosurfactant production. In order to develop suitable technology of commercialization, carrying out tests in shake flasks and bioreactors was essential. A reactor with integrated foam collector was designed for biosurfactant production using Bacillus subtilis isolated from agricultural soil.