Adolescent swimming exercise following maternal valproic acid treatment improves cognition and reduces stress-related symptoms in offspring mice: Role of sex and brain cytokines.

Valproic acid (VPA) treatment during pregnancy is a risk factor for developing autism spectrum disorder, cognitive deficits, and stress-related disorders in children. No effective therapeutic strategies are currently approved to treat or manage core symptoms of autism. Active lifestyles and physical activity are closely associated with health and quality of life during childhood and adulthood.

Glibenclamide mitigates cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuroinflammation in rats with type 2 diabetes and sporadic Alzheimer-like disease.

A growing body of evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Both preclinical and clinical studies have provided evidence that brain insulin resistance is associated with cognitive decline in patients with T2D and sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD). Accordingly, antidiabetic medications have been suggested as potential drugs for the treatment of cognitive impairments in patients with sporadic AD.

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in GAS5 lncRNA is Associated with Risk of Bladder Cancer in Iranian Population.

Down-regulation of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) has a pathogenic role in bladder cancer. Moreover, genomic variants of this lncRNA have been associated with risk of diverse cancers. In the present project, we genotyped two putative functional SNPs (rs2067079 and rs6790) in 122 bladder cancer patients and 150 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects.

ATP-sensitive potassium-channel inhibitor glibenclamide attenuates HPA axis hyperactivity, depression- and anxiety-related symptoms in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Affective disorders including depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent behavioral abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affect the quality of life and progression of the disease. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-(HPA) axis has been reported in affective disorders and AD. Recent studies revealed that current antidepressant drugs are not completely effective for treating anxiety- and depression-related disorders in people with dementia.

Role of orexin-2 and CB1 receptors within the periaqueductal gray matter in lateral hypothalamic-induced antinociception in rats.

Orexin plays an important role in pain modulation. Orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors (Ox1r and Ox2r) are found at high density in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG). Our previous study showed that chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus with carbachol induces antinociception in the tail-flick test, a model of acute pain, and Ox1r-mediated antinociception in the vlPAG is modulated by the activity of vlPAG CB1 receptors.

Orexin receptor type-1 antagonist SB-334867 decreases morphine-induced antinociceptive effect in formalin test.

Orexin-A and orexin-B are two neuropeptides selectively synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), a region involved in morphine induced analgesia and pain modulation. Furthermore, orexin-A has been reported to produce an analgesic effect in pain models, which was blocked by orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867, but not naloxone. We studied the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of SB-334867, a selective orexin receptor type-1 antagonist, on morphine-induced antinociceptive effect in formalin test in rats.

Intrahippocampal administration of D2 but not D1 dopamine receptor antagonist suppresses the expression of conditioned place preference induced by morphine in the ventral tegmental area.

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) as a major source of dopamine neurons projecting to cortical and limbic regions has a crucial role in reward and addiction. The current study assessed the role of D1 and D2 receptors within the dorsal hippocampus (CA1) in the expression of conditioned place preference (CPP) by intra-VTA morphine in the rats. In the present study, 160 adult male albino Wistar rats weighing 220-290g were bilaterally implanted by two cannulae into the CA1 and VTA.

Intra-paragigantocellularis lateralis injection of orexin-A has an antinociceptive effect on hot plate and formalin tests in rat.

In the present study, the effect of orexin-A (ORXA) microinjection into the paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGI) on nociceptive behaviors, using hot-plate and formalin tests as thermal and chemical models of pain in rat, was examined. Also, we determined whether the pretreatment with SB-334867, a selective OX1-receptor antagonist, would prevent the antinociceptive effect of orexin-A. ORXA (0.

Intracerebral injection of low amounts of norharman induces moderate Parkinsonism-like behavioral symptoms in rat.

β-Carbolines (BCs) are considered to be endogenous toxins and have been proposed as possible causative candidates inducing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is controversy about the effect and also effective dose of these compounds in the etiology of PD. This study was designed to further examine the effect of norharman (NH), a BC which in mammalian brain occurs at high levels in the substantia nigra, on the development of Parkinsonism-like behaviors in rats.

Transient inactivation of the nucleus accumbens reduces both the expression and acquisition of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats.

In the present study, the effects of transient inhibition of the shell and core parts of the nucleus accumbens by lidocaine on the expression and acquisition of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male Wistar rats were investigated. In addition, the number of bouts of sniffing, rearing, and compartment crossing was scored. Lidocaine hydrochloride was injected into different parts of the nucleus accumbens 5 min before each morphine session for the transient inhibition of particular anatomical regions.

Role of D1/D2 dopamine receptors in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus in the rewarding effects of morphine administered into the ventral tegmental area.

Considerable evidences show that the VTA, as a major source of dopamine neurons projecting to cortical and limbic regions, has a major role in cognitive and motivating aspects of addiction. The current study assessed the ability of the selective D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 and D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride administrated into the CA1 region of hippocampus (dorsal hippocampus) to alter the rewarding effects of intra-VTA administration of morphine using the conditioned place preference (CPP). After bilaterally implantation of cannulae into the CA1 and/or VTA in adult male Wistar rats weighing 210-310 g, dose-response effects of different doses of intra-VTA morphine (0.