Hybrid coagulation-UF processes for spent filter backwash water treatment: a comparison studies for PAFCl and FeCl as a pre-treatment.

In this study, the reclamation of clean water from spent filter backwash water (SFBW) was investigated through pilot-scale experiments. The pilot plant consisted of pre-sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, clarification, and ultrafiltration (UF). Two coagulants of PAFCl and FeCl were investigated with respect to their performance on treated SFBW quality and UF membrane fouling.