Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and enhance lag-3 expression on foxp3 + CD4 + T cells.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Understanding the dysregulation of Tregs, dynamic cells involved in autoimmunity, is crucial in comprehending diseases like MS. However, the role of lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag-3) in MS remains unclear.

Cooperative Treatment of Gastric Cancer Using B7-H7 siRNA and Docetaxel; How Could They Modify Their Effectiveness?

Purpose: Despite the high prevalence of gastric cancer (GC), drug resistance is a major problem for effective chemotherapy. B7-H7 is a novel member of the B7 superfamily and is expressed in most common cancers. However, the role of B7-H7 on the aggressiveness of GC and chemosensitivity has remained unknown.

Serum Levels of Interleukin-1β and Disease Progression in Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Case and Control Study.

Objective: Multiple myeloma  (MM) is known as an incurable heterogeneous plasma cell malignancy that presents with a variety of clinical manifestations. Inflammation plays an important role in this disease. Cytokines and Chemokines cause the progression of the disease.

miR-589-5p Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Targeting Histone Deacetylase 3 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Background: Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is a potential oncogene that is significantly up-regulated in patients with breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a group of small non-coding and regulatory RNAs which have recently been proposed as promising molecules for breast cancer target therapy. In the current study, we investigated the impact of miR-589-5p/ HDAC3 axis on cancer cell development in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.

The role of histone deacetylase 3 in breast cancer.

It has been recently revealed that Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) 3, a unique member of the HDACs family, can trigger and progress cancers by alternation in genes expression and proteins activity. Epigenetic modifications by HDACs have been studied well in various cancer cells. Recent studies have focused on the HDAC enzymes as a possible target in cancer therapy.

Lupeol synergizes with doxorubicin to induce anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on breast cancer cells.

Purpose: Anti-cancer and anti-migration effects of lupeol as a biological pentacyclic triterpenoid were investigated individually and in combination with Doxorubicin (DOX) on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and human foreskin fibroblasts.

Methods: To uncover the anticancer effect of lupeol and the impact of its combination with DOX, cell viability and scratch assays and dual acridine-orange apoptotic staining were performed. Moreover, the expression of proapoptotic caspase-3 and metastasis-related MMP-9 at the mRNA and protein levels was analyzed using qPCR and western blot techniques.

Exosomes and COVID-19: challenges and opportunities.

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, starting from Wuhan, China, in December 2019, is a pandemic situation affecting millions worldwide and has exerted a huge burden on healthcare infrastructure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and design novel effective therapeutic strategies for combating this pandemic. In this regard, special attention has been paid to the exosomes.

Ameliorative effects of fisetin in letrozole-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of a potent polyphenol, fisetin, on the letrozole-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methodology: Twenty-four female Wistar rats (42 days old) were divided into four groups: control group (received carboxy methylcellulose (CMC 0.5 %)), PCOS group treated with letrozole (1 mg/kg), fisetin group received same dose of letrozole + fisetin (10 mg/kg), and metformin group received same dose of letrozole + metformin (300 mg/kg).

Polyphenols: Natural compounds with promising potential in treating polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polyphenols are natural compounds used by plants as a defense system against various stresses. In recent years, the importance of these polyhydroxyphenols has extensively increased due to their potent cardioprotection, anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, various studies have reported promising results from the studies investigating their efficacy as a therapeutic strategy in various disorders such as human malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system impairments, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, aging, and inflammation-associated disorders, as well as a polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Alantolactone inhibits stem-like cell phenotype, chemoresistance and metastasis in PC3 cells through STAT3 signaling pathway.

Background And Purpose: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), as the subpopulation of cancer cells, are associated with carcinogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis in malignancies. Also, CSCs are considered as the major reason for treatment failure in prostate cancer (PCa). Alantolactone (ALT), exerts anticancer activity in different types of cancers.

Therapeutic potential of quercetin in an animal model of PCOS: Possible involvement of AMPK/SIRT-1 axis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder worldwide. Recently, quercetin has been extensively investigated as a therapeutic option in patients with PCOS. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying quercetin's positive effects by modulating key components of energy homeostasis and adipose tissue hormones in rats with letrozole-induced PCOS.

The effects of nanocurcumin supplementation on inflammation in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Serum levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines are higher in hemodialysis patients compared to healthy people. Curcumin has been shown to be able to decrease cytokines levels in nonuremic subjects. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of nanocurcumin administration on cytokines levels in hemodialysis patients.

A comprehensive review of anticancer mechanisms of action of Alantolactone.

Cancer is considered as the main challenge of human communities, and it annually imposes a significant economic burden on society. Natural products have been used for treatment of many diseases including inflammation, infections, neurological disorders, atherosclerosis, asthma and cancer for many years. Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) refers to a group of natural products with different biological activities.

Serum level of Xanthine oxidase, Uric Acid, and NADPH oxidase1 in Stage I of Multiple Myeloma.

Objective: The etiology of multiple myeloma (MM) is not known. Enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO) and NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) as relevant sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may play a crucial role in the incidence and progress of MM. Uric acid generated by XO has a controversial dual role in both the prevention and promotion of cancer.

Exosomal miRNAs in osteoarthritis.

Exosomes, as lipid nanostructure, are secreted by approximately all cell types within the body and actively involved in either short or long distances cell-cell communication in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Recently, exosomes are widely used as a nanocarrier for delivery of various nucleotide- or protein passed molecules including miRNA, and drugs into various cells, as a therapeutic strategy in a broad range of diseases including osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common debilitating chronic musculoskeletal disorders with a multifaceted condition and an increasing impact on the quality of life.

Serum Levels of Interleukin-8 and Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor in Patients with Stage-I Multiple Myeloma: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease that needs better recognition and further research. Previous studies elucidated the interaction between myeloma cells and showed the necessity of bone marrow stromal cells for the initiation and progression of MM. Many chemokines and their receptors including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) play important roles in this interaction.

Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Levels in Colorectal Cancer Cells Treated with a Combination of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor and Oxaliplatin or Capecitabine.

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the principal enzyme in the catabolism of fluoropyrimidine drugs including capecitabine. A recent report has suggested that oxaliplatin chemotherapy is associated with elevated DPD levels and chemoresistance pattern. As a newly developed chemotherapeutic agent, 17-allyloamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG) can be effective in combination therapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Neuroprotective mechanism of low-dose sodium nitrite in oxygen-glucose deprivation model of cerebral ischemic stroke in PC12 cells.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of the protective effects of low-dose sodium nitrite (SN) on oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PC12 cells. The PC12 cells were exposed to 4 h of OGD and treated with 100 μmol SN. The expression and activity of ER stress markers, including PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), transcription factor 6 (ATF6), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), as well as caspase-12 and -3, were detected by immunoblotting assay.

Protective effect of lutein on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Objectives: Paraplegia is deterioration in motor or sensory function of the lower limbs that can occur after modification of a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. The purpose of this survey was to determine the protective action of lutein on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) damage.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-five male rats were distributed into five groups: intact, sham, dimethyl sulfoxide (I-R+DMSO), low dose lutein (I-R+0.

Effects of thyroxine on adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines secretion on human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Thyroid dysfunction is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. It could be suggested that, hyperthyroidism is related to a higher prevalence of arterial abnormalities. Therefore, evaluating the endothelial dysfunction (ED) related biomarkers seem to be an important issue.

In vitro study of the scolicidal effects of Echinometra mathaei spine and shell extracts on hydatid cyst protoscolices.

Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Such infections are of considerable public health and economic concern, and new effective treatments are intensely sought. Sea urchin (Salmacis virgulata) shell extracts have potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, and spines of several species of echinoderms also show antimicrobial activity.

Synergistic Antiproliferative Effects of Co-nanoencapsulated Curcumin and Chrysin on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells Through Upregulating miR-132 and miR-502c.

In this study, we explored whether co-nanoencapsulated Curcumin (Cur) and Chrysin (Chr), natural herbal compounds with antitumor activities, regulate miR-132 and miR-502c and their downstream targets, leading to the synergistic growth inhibition in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. For this purpose, Cur and Chr were co-encapsulated into PLGA-PEG nanoparticles (NPs) and characterized through DLS, FTIR and FE-SEM. MTT assay and cell cycle arrest analysis revealed that CurChr-loaded NPs had a considerable synergistic cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells with more cell accumulation in G2/M phase compared to the other groups.

Association of circulating omentin-1 level with lung cancer in smokers.

Omentin has recently been considered as an adipokine secreted from visceral fat and is expressed in the lungs, heart, ovary etc. Various studies have shown that omentin may have an anti-inflammatory role in the inflammatory process and the amount of omentin alters in some cancers, such as colorectal, prostate and renal cells cancers, changes. The serum level of omentin, however, remains unknown in non-patient smokers and the smokers afflicted with lung cancer.

The protective impact of betaine on the tissue structure and renal function in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rat.

Background: Myocardial infarction is one of the most common life threatening diseases that may lead to renal disorders via oxidative stress and inflammation. Betaine is a safe and well-tolerated compound exhibiting beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies have demonstrated protective effects of betaine against myocardial infarction and renal injury.

Effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone on adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder, which affects the arterial wall. It has been reported that, hypothyroidism and thyroid hormone deficiency are related to cardiovascular disorders. Also, endothelial dysfunction plays an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis.