Smartphone addiction in Iranian schoolchildren: a population-based study.

Smartphone addiction is a public health problem and is increasing globally. It is important to know the latest status of this phenomenon in different region of the world. This study aimed to investigate smartphone addiction in an Iranian student population.

Intraocular pressure and its association with ocular biometrics in Iranian children.

Purpose: To determine the mean value and normative distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in children and their association with demographic and ocular biometrics.

Methods: Cluster sampling was done to select the students in urban areas of Shahroud, northeast Iran, while all students living in rural areas were selected. IOP was measured in mmHg using a non-contact tonometer, along with corneal and retinal imaging and ocular biometric measurement.

Comparison of the accommodative amplitude measured with and without the use of a specialised accommodative rule in children.

Objective: To determine the agreement between measurements of accommodative amplitude (AoA) in children using a specialised accommodative rule and measurments without it.

Methods: A total of 502 children underwent optometric examinations, including the measurement of visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction. AoA measurements were done with and without the Berens accommodative rule.

Decomposition of economic inequalities in dental caries among Iranian schoolchildren.

Introduction: Monitoring social inequalities in dental caries is crucial for establishing priorities in oral health systems. This study aimed to assess economic inequalities in dental caries and its contributing factors among Iranian schoolchildren.

Methods: Data were obtained from the first phase of the Shahroud Schoolchildren Eye Cohort Study in 2015.

Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Craving, Cognitive Functions, and Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level in Individuals on Maintenance Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder, A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, craving, and executive functions in individuals on maintenance treatment for opioid use.

Methods: We randomized 70 right-handed men aged 18-55 years into 2 groups: the intervention group and the sham group. The intervention was 10 sessions of 2 mA stimulation over 5 days.

The association of ALT to HDL-C ratio with type 2 diabetes in 50-74 years old adults: a population-based study.

There is limited information about the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and ALT to HDL-C ratio. This study aims to investigate this relationship for the first time in Iran. The data of this study were taken from the third phase of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study, which was conducted in 2019 with the participation of 4394 people aged 50-74.

Five-year changes in macular thickness in the elderly population: A cohort study.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the 5-year changes in macular thickness and related factors.

Methods: Data were from the second (2014) and third (2019) phases of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. Examinations included measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, non-cycloplegic autorefraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and funduscopy.

The association between iris color and refractive errors in children.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between iris color and refractive errors in children aged 6-12 years. This cross-sectional study was based on data obtained from the first phase of the Shahroud Schoolchildren Eye Cohort Study. The target population was 6 to12 year-old students living in urban and rural areas.

Prevalence of anisometropia and its associated factors in school-age children.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of anisometropia and the associated demographic and biometric risk factors in children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the elementary school children of Shahroud, east of Iran, in 2015. All rural students were recruited, while multistage cluster sampling was used to select the students in urban areas.

Artificial intelligence and the scientific method: How to cope with a complete oxymoron.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can be a powerful tool for data analysis, but it can also mislead investigators, due in part to a fundamental difference between classic data analysis and data analysis using AI. A more or less limited data set is analyzed in classic data analysis, and a hypothesis is generated. That hypothesis is then tested using a separate data set, and the data are examined again.

Longitudinal changes in crystalline lens thickness and power in children aged 6-12 years old.

Objectives: To determine the three-year changes in crystalline lens power (LP) and thickness (LT) in children and their associated factors.

Methods: Schoolchildren aged 6-12 years living in Shahroud, northeast Iran were examined in 2015 and 2018. The Bennett formula was used to calculate LP.

Economic inequalities in decayed, missing, and filled first permanent molars among 8-12 years old Iranian schoolchildren.

Background: First permanent molars (FPM) play an important role in the masticatory function and oral health. This study aimed to assess the economic inequalities of FPM health indices among schoolchildren in the northeast of Iran.

Methods: A total of 4051 children aged 8-12 years old were included in the analyses of this cross-sectional study in 2015.

A prospective cohort study protocol: monitoring and surveillance of adverse events following heterologous booster doses of Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in previous recipients of two doses of Sinopharm or Sputnik V vaccines in Iran.

Background: Regarding the paucity of evidence on the side effects of the booster dose of Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine in vaccinated people with Sinopharm or Sputnik V, we aimed to set up a cohort event monitoring (CEM) study to capture adverse events occurring in individuals who will receive the booster doses of AstraZeneca (either the first or second booster dose) following being vaccinated with Sinopharm or sputnik V vaccines in Iran.

Methods: The present study is an active COVID-19 vaccine safety surveillance through an observational prospective cohort study that will be conducted in vaccination centers in Iran. The study will be conducted in twelve provinces of Iran.

Prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and its associated factors in 50-74 years old Iranian adults: a population-based study.

Background: By the lengthening of life span, the incidence of chronic diseases such as hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension has increased. This study aims to determine the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and its related factors in the age group of 50-74 years in Shahroud, northeast Iran.

Methods: The data of the third phase of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study were used in this study.

Optic Disc Measurements in Children by Optical Coherence Tomography.

Prcis: This study showed the distribution of optic disc indices in a population-based sample of Iranian children in detail. Refractive errors and biometric components are among the ocular factors that are related to these indices.

Purpose: To determine the normative value of optic nerve indices in children and their association with ocular and demographic factors.

The Association of Opioid Use Disorder and COVID-19, a Longitudinal Study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly spread to the world, causing a pandemic. While some studies have found no link between opioid use disorder (OUD) and COVID-19, the role of opioid on COVID-19 is challenging. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between OUD and COVID-19.

Reactogenicity within the first week after Sinopharm, Sputnik V, AZD1222, and COVIran Barekat vaccines: findings from the Iranian active vaccine surveillance system.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the reactogenicity effects of COVID-19 vaccines, used in Iran.

Methods: At least 1000 people were followed up with phone calls or self-report in a mobile application within 7 days after vaccination. Local and systemic reactogenicities were reported overall and by subgroups.

Socioeconomic inequality in depression and anxiety and its determinants in Iranian older adults.

Background: Older adults with lower socioeconomic status are more vulnerable to stressful life events and at increased risk of common mental health disorders like anxiety and depression. This study investigates the socioeconomic inequality in depressive symptoms and anxiety.

Methods: The data were from 7462 participants of the Neyshabur longitudinal study of ageing registered during 2016-2018.

Effective refractive error coverage in adults aged 50 years and older: estimates from population-based surveys in 61 countries.

Background: In 2021, WHO Member States endorsed a global target of a 40-percentage-point increase in effective refractive error coverage (eREC; with a 6/12 visual acuity threshold) by 2030. This study models global and regional estimates of eREC as a baseline for the WHO initiative.

Methods: The Vision Loss Expert Group analysed data from 565 448 participants of 169 population-based eye surveys conducted since 2000 to calculate eREC (met need/[met need + undermet need + unmet need]).

Three-year change in corneal asphericity in children at the age of emmetropisation.

Purpose: To determine the 3-year changes in anterior and posterior values of corneal asphericity (Q) in 6- to 12-year-old children.

Methods: The first and second phases of the study were conducted in 2015 and 2018, respectively. The target population in the first phase was 6- to 12-year-old students in Shahroud, Iran.

Isolated systolic hypertension and its associated risk factors in Iranian middle age and older population: a population-based study.

Background: Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), is the most common form of hypertension in older adults. However, the ISH prevalence is not well known in many developing countries such as Iran. This study was conducted to determine the ISH prevalence and its related risk factors in an Iranian population.

Three-year change in refractive error and its risk factors: results from the Shahroud School Children Eye Cohort Study.

Objectives: To determine spherical equivalent (SE) progression among children in the Shahroud School Children Eye Cohort Study.

Methods: A prospective cohort study recruited children aged 6 to 12 years in 2015 (baseline) with a follow-up in 2018. Cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length (AL) measurements were included.

COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths after vaccination: a cohort event monitoring study, Islamic Republic of Iran.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, hospitalizations and deaths in Iranians vaccinated with either AZD1222 Vaxzevria, CovIran® vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated (lnCoV) or Sputnik V.

Methods: We enrolled individuals 18 years or older receiving their first COVID-19 vaccine dose between April 2021 and January 2022 in seven Iranian cities. Participants completed weekly follow-up surveys for 17 weeks (25 weeks for AZD1222) to report their COVID-19 status and hospitalization.