MRI findings suggestive of Alzheimer's disease in patients with primary open angle glaucoma - a single sequence analysis using rapid 3D T1 spoiled gradient echo.

Objective: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a degenerative optic neuropathy disease which has somewhat similar pathophysiology to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aims to determine the presence of medial temporal atrophy and parietal lobe atrophy in patients with POAG compared to normal controls using medial temporal atrophy (MTA) scoring and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) scoring system on T1 magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo.

Methods: 50 POAG patients and 50 normal subjects were recruited and an MRI brain with T1-magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo was performed.

Kimura Disease: A Rare Cause of Head and Neck Tumour in Children- A Case Report.

Background: Kimura disease is a rare inflammatory condition classically manifested as painless subcutaneous nodules in the head and neck region and associated with regional cervical lymphadenopathy and salivary gland involvement.

Objective: The purpose of this report is to illustrate the diagnostic difficulty due to its rarity and non-specific clinical presentation.

Case Presentation: We present a case of Kimura disease with bilateral eyelid swelling, parotid involvement, and cervical lymphadenopathy in a young boy.

A CASE OF INFILTRATING LOBULAR CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST WITH GASTRIC METASTASIS 22 YEARS AFTER INITIAL SURGERY.

Gastric metastasis from breast carcinoma is uncommon and rarely encountered in our daily practice. We report a case of late gastric metastasis from previous infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast. The patient had extended disease-free interval of 22 years prior to metastasis.

Asymptomatic Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia with Extensive HRCT Changes Preceding Sjogren's Syndrome.

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare condition, commonly associated with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). We report a 53-year-old woman with an incidental finding of an abnormal chest radiograph. LIP was diagnosed based on high-resolution computed tomography and lung biopsy, but treatment was not initiated.

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia with tiny cysts of peribronchovascular distribution on CT.

Cysts are a common finding of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) on imaging. Usually, they are limited in number and size. Tiny and numerous cysts of peribronchovascular distribution are less typical but a recognized appearance in LIP.

Ovalbumin causes impairment of preimplantation embryonic growth in asthma-induced mice.

Insufficient experimental studies have reported the effect of ovalbumin (OVA) as an allergen towards embryonic growth in asthma mouse model. The impact of 10 μg/200 μL OVA on maternal inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) responses, and preimplantation embryonic development was investigated in this study. We first established OVA-induced asthma mouse model, and following superovulation, mated the females and challenged them with Methacholine (Mch) test.

Relationships between severity of steatosis with glycemic control and carotid intima-media thickness among diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the major diseases plaguing worldwide. Several studies reported its association with ischemic heart disease (IHD). This study aims to determine the relationships between severity of steatosis with glycemic control and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) among a high-risk population of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with proven IHD.

Unilateral Nonconfluent Cluster of Micronodules: Atypical Radiologic Appearance of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Active pulmonary tuberculosis involving the lung parenchyma is typically seen on CT as consolidation, centrilobular nodules with tree-in-bud branching, cavitating lesions, and miliary nodules. However, some atypical CT patterns of granulomatous disease including tuberculosis have been recently described, namely, clusters of nodules without confluence or with confluence. We present a case of a patient who was found to have nonconfluent clusters of micronodules in the right lung with negative sputum culture for tuberculosis.

Avascular Necrosis of the Hip in Primary Care.

Avascular necrosis, or osteonecrosis of the femoral head, is a debilitating condition which leads to the destruction of the hip joint due to an interruption in the blood supply to the bony region and is most commonly due to trauma. The case discussed here has been highlighted as it presented as non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head with an absence of risk factors in a healthy adult male. A 37-year-old male presented with a 4-month history of recurrent left hip pain, which worsened with initiation of movement and weightbearing on the affected side.

Adult entero-enteric intussusception secondary to lipoma.

Diagnostic imaging methods are normally required to make the preoperative diagnosis of adult intussusception. Furthermore, it helps to define the location and nature of the associated mass as lead point if present. Lipoma may appear as lesion of fat attenuation expressed in Hounsfield unit on CT scan.

Periadrenal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour: half a decade before cure.

A 30-year-old ex-smoker with a background history of childhood asthma presented with worsening shortness of breath despite receiving high doses of oral corticosteroid for pemphigus vulgaris which was diagnosed 5 years earlier. A high-resolution CT examination of the thorax reported non-specific bronchiectatic changes and revealed an incidental suprarenal mass. A subsequent CT scan confirmed a large adrenal mass with areas of necrosis and calcification.

A case of an undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver mimicking a liver abscess.

An undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is a rare malignant tumour. We highlight the diagnostic dilemma and differential diagnosis of a case involving a large cystic liver lesion in a young adult. A 20-year-old man presented with a large liver lesion to the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in February 2012.

Unilateral striatal CT and MRI changes secondary to non-ketotic hyperglycaemia.

A 62-year-old man presented with a right-sided hemichorea-hemiballismus secondary to underlying non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. This condition is recognised to have a unique finding of unilateral basal ganglia lesion, which is hyperdense on CT and hyperintense on T1-weighted MRI. The clinical course of this condition is benign and has a good prognosis with early correction of the hyperglycaemia.

Probable hepatic tuberculosis masquerading as Klatskin tumour in an immunocompetent patient.

A 55-year-old immunocompetent woman was presented with features of obstructive jaundice and a clinicoradiological picture suggestive of a hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumour). However, caseating granulomatous lesion associated with miliary nodules were revealed intraoperatively. The lesion responded to standard antituberculous therapy.

Challenges in imaging and histopathological assessment of a giant cell tumour with secondary aneurysmal cyst in the patella.

The patella is an uncommon site for all primary and metastatic bone tumours and primary intra-osseous tumours of the patella are very rare. A majority of the patella tumours are benign. We report a patient with a sudden onset swelling and pain of the right knee following a staircase fall.

Severe thrombocytopenia due to hypersplenism treated with partial splenic embolisation.

A 35-year-old woman with background of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension secondary to chronic hepatitis C presented with complication of hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia. She developed severe menorrhagia requiring multiple blood transfusions. In addition, her interferon therapy was withheld owing to the underlying thrombocytopenia.

Mediastinal lipoblastoma: unexpected finding of a chest infection.

A 2-year-old boy was presented with symptoms of chest infection. The chest radiograph showed a large mediastinal mass, which led to further investigations including biopsy of the tumour. Histopathological analysis revealed a diagnosis of lipoblastoma.